Chemistry Chapter 9 Vocabulary Terms

Colligative property

depend on the number of dissolved solute particles not on their chemical identity

Henry’s Law

the solubility of a gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas if the temperature is constant

Miscible

mutually soluble in all proportions

Osmosis

the passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane separating two solutions of different concentration

Saturated solution

contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute at equilibrium

Solvation

when water molecules form a loose shell around the ions, stabilizing them by electrical attraction

Colloid

homogeneous mixtures that contain particles ranging in diameter from 2 to 500 nm

Hypertonic

having an osmolarity greater than the surrounding blood plasma or cells

Molarity

the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution

Osmotic Pressure

the amount of external pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent the net movement of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent

Strong electrolyte

substances that ionize completely when dissolved in water

Electrolyte

a substance that dissolves in water to produce a solution that can conduct electricity

Hypotonic

having an osmolarity less than the surrounding blood plasma or cells

Non-electrolyte

are substances that do not produce ions when dissolved in water

Parts per billion

is a unit of measurement used to describe the concentration of one substance in a larger mixture. It means one part of a substance for every one billion parts of the total.

Solvent

the substance in which another substance (the solute) is dissolved

Weak electrolyte

substances that are only partly ionized in water

Equivalent

For ions the amount equal to 1 mol of charge

Isotonic

Having the same osmolarity

Osmolarity

the sum of the molarities of all dissolved particles in 1.0 L solution

Parts per million

is a unit of concentration that means one part of a substance for every one million parts of the total mixture.

Solution

homogeneous mixture that contains particles the size of a typical ion or small molecule

Supersaturated solution

solids that are more soluble at high temperature than at low temperature. Contains even more solute than a saturated solution