ANPS 1010 Midterm

The serous fluid that helps in cardiac function is located

in the pericardial cavity, between the parietal and visceral pericardial layers.

The directional term that means "away from the midline of the body" is

lateral

The anatomic term for the cheek is

buccal

The directional term that means "in back of" or "toward the back surface" is

posterior

Which of the following statements accurately describes the organization of structures?

Organs are made up of tissues, which are made up of cells, which are made up of organelles and molecules.

The head, neck, and trunk make up the ______ region of the body.

axial

When medical students study all of the structures in a particular area of the body as a unit (for example, all the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves of the leg), that approach is called

regional anatomy.

The scientific discipline that studies the functions of body structures is

physiology.

The cranial cavity houses the

brain

Which of the following factors influence cell membrane permeability?

- Phospholipid composition of the membrane

- Ionic charge along the membrane

- Presence or absence of transport proteins

- Molecule size

- All of the choices are correct

All of the choices are correct.

T/F: Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles.

true

Which of the following serve to increase the surface area of a cell for absorption and secretion?

microvilli

Which is a passive transport process?

osmosis

T/F: Chromosomes are loose, and chromatin is tightly packed genetic material.

false

An exocrine gland has two parts:

a duct and a secretory portion.

What type of epithelium would be most suited for high levels of diffusion and filtration?

Simple squamous

T/F: An organ is made up of only one tissue type; for example, the heart is made of cardiac muscle.

false

Suppose you cut your finger only slightly in what is known as a "paper cut." You observe that the cut hurts but it doesn't bleed. How would you interpret your observation?

Nerve endings occur in epithelium but blood vessels do not.

T/F: Glial cells transmit impulses.

false

Plasma is

a liquid ground substance containing dissolved proteins.

The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is __________ muscle.

smooth

Which is avascular (lacks blood vessels)?

Epithelial tissue

A _____________ epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells attached directly to a basement membrane.

simple squamous

What is the anatomic term for the foot?

pes

Of the nine abdominopelvic regions, the one that is most superior in the middle column is called the

epigastric

With the subject in the anatomic position, one can best see the dorsum of the manus from a(n) ______ view.

posterior

The various chemical reactions that organisms carry out are collectively called

metabolism

The term "hallux" refers to the

great toe

The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region?

Hypogastric

At what level of organization is a tooth?

organ level

The pericardium is a two-layered serous membrane that

encloses the heart

The two main divisions of microscopic anatomy are

cytology and histology.

Which is an active transport process?

ion pump

Diffusion rate is fastest when the concentration gradient is

steepest and temperature is highest.

Movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one where it is less concentrated is known as

diffusion

The process of programmed cell death ("cell suicide") is known as __________.

apoptosis

Consider a cell with a total internal solute concentration of 0.9%. Placing the cell in which bath solution would result in creation of the greatest osmotic pressure in the cell?

0.5% NaCl

What specialized feature of an epithelium consists of a reticular lamina, a lamina densa, and a lamina lucida?

Basement membrane

The walls of kidney tubules are formed by _____________ epithelium, which functions in resorbing materials filtered from blood plasma such as nutrients, ions, and water.

simple cuboidal

Which of the following is not lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Small intestine

When mucin mixes with water, it becomes

mucus

All connective tissue is formed from which embryonic germ layer?

mesoderm

Endocrine glands secrete

hormones

Which type of epithelium is composed of multiple layers, including an apical layer containing tall, slender cells?

Stratified columnar

Axons

transmit signals away from the cell body.

The lining of the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) is comprised of what epithelium?

simple squamous

Which of the following is not a component of seminal fluid?

calcium

Which of the following are tubuloacinar glands that produce a clear, viscous mucin to serve as a lubricant during sexual intercourse?

Bulbourethral glands

Which is not a uterine function?

Usual site of fertilization

T/F: Estrogen levels rise during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, and estrogen assists with the development of the dominant follicle.

true

T/F: The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen.

true

The outermost extraembryonic membrane that eventually helps form the placenta is the

chorion

The structures of the male reproductive tract are

a: ductus deferens

b: urethra

c: epididymis

d: ejaculatory duct

e: ampulla

What is the order in which sperm passes through these structures from the testes to the penis?

c, a, e, d, b

Which type of ovarian follicle contains a secondary oocyte?

Mature follicle

Which structure is an important site for early blood cell formation and is the first of the extraembryonic membranes to form?

Yolk sac

Drugs that lead to birth defects in the formation of the limbs are most damaging when the conceptus is exposed to them during weeks

4-8 of development, when limbs are undergoing peak development.

Stretching of the cervix causes oxytocin secretion to

increase

Ovulation occurs when an oocyte is released from a ruptured _____ follicle.

mature

An erection of the penis is caused by

blood filling the erectile bodies and compressing the veins.

What is the correct order for the segments of the uterine tube, beginning at the ovary?

Infundibulum - ampulla - isthmus - uterine part

Fertilization typically occurs in the _________, and it restores the _________ number of chromosomes.

ampulla of the uterine tube; diploid

Release of breast milk occurs when the hormone __________ stimulates _________ cells to contract.

oxytocin; myoepithelial

When comparing gamete production in males and females, males produce

more gametes that are smaller in size.

By the 4th month of pregnancy, the fundus of the uterus is located inches below the ________ and by the ninth month it is located at the level of the ____________.

umbilicus; xiphoid process

Which gland secretes a fluid containing fructose?

Seminal vesicle

How many secondary oocytes ultimately develop from each primary oocyte?

1

Mendelian inheritance specifies that if two heterozygous individuals mate, the chances that a child would be homozygous for the recessive allele would be

25%

At the 16-cell stage, the conceptus is known as a(n)

morula

The outer layer of the trophoblast that burrows into the lining of the uterus is the

syncytiotrophoblast.

Which type of gamete remains viable for a longer time after it enters the female reproductive tract?

sperm

Although the lining of the uterine tubes contains cilia and the lining of the uterus does not, the epithelium within both organs is categorized as

simple columnar epithelium.

After ovulation, the oocyte

releases chemotaxic signals to attract sperm to its location.

The pre-embryonic period ends when

the blastocyst implants in the uterus.

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the

ampulla and the proximal portion of the seminal vesicle.

Implantation usually begins at about the end of the first ________ of development.

week

Sperm are produced in the

seminiferous tubules.

A secondary oocyte arrests in

metaphase II.

Fimbriae

enclose the ovary at the time of ovulation.

What part of a spermatozoon contains the nuclear material?

head

The fingerlike structures of the placenta that form from its fetal portion are known as

chorionic villi

Changes in the size of the uterus during pregnancy are due to

both hypertrophy and hyperplasia.

The trophoblast is located at the

periphery of the blastocyst.

The uterine enlargement that occurs during the first 10 weeks of pregnancy is mostly the result of

amniotic fluid production as well as growth of uterine muscle and the placenta.

In a mother who has recently delivered a child, afterpains occur when

oxytocin triggers uterine contractions.

In nonpregnant women, ____________ inhibits secretion of substantial amounts of prolactin.

dopamine

The stages that appear during spermatogenesis are

a: spermatid

b: primary spermatocyte

c: spermatogonium

d: spermatozoon

e: secondary spermatocyte

What is the correct order of appearance of these stages?

c, b, e, a, d

Which of these male reproductive structures is unpaired (meaning there is only one in the body)?

Prostate gland

The secretory structures that produce milk in a lactating female are the

alveoli

Which does not provide structural support for the uterus?

- Uterine ligament

- Uterosacral ligament

- Round ligament

- Transverse cervical ligament

- Urogenital diaphragm

Uterine ligament

The normal site of fertilization is the

ampulla of the uterine tube.

The acrosome cap contains

enzymes to allow penetration into the oocyte.

What thin membrane, continuous with the epiblast layer, secretes fluid to bathe the embryo?

Amnion

T/F: Seminal fluid is a component of semen.

true

Individuals who are described as heterozygous have different

alleles for a particular trait.

Compared to breast milk, colostrum contains

less fat but more immunoglobulins.

Which structure is not found in both males and females?

- Corpora cavernosa

- Tunica albuginea

- Prepuce

- Vestibular gland

- Glans

Vestibular gland

The maternal portion of the placenta arises from the

functional layer of the uterus

The process by which a blastocyst embeds within the uterine endometrium is known as

implantation

The lining of the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) is comprised of what epithelium?

simple squamous

The general name given to the phenomenon that occurs when a mature epithelium changes to a different form is

metaplasia