Exam Review: Gender, Sexuality, Moral Development, Families, Peers, and Relationships

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on gender, sexuality, moral development, family, peers, and relationships.

Gender

The characteristics of people as girl/women and boys/men.

Gender identity

A sense of one’s own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being a boy/man, girl/woman, or another gender.

Evolutionary psychology

The view that evolutionary adaptations produced psychological sex differences, particularly in mate selection.

Social role view

A perspective that suggests women have less power than men and control fewer resources, leading to sex-differentiated behavior.

Social cognitive theory of gender

A theory stating that adolescents’ gender development is influenced by observation and imitation of others’ gender behavior, along with rewards and punishments for gender-appropriate or inappropriate behavior.

Gender schema theory

The idea that gender-typing emerges as individuals develop schemas for what is culturally considered gender-appropriate or inappropriate.

Gender stereotypes

General impressions and beliefs about males and females that are widespread in society.

Androgyny

The presence of both masculine and feminine traits in one individual.

Transgender

Individuals who adopt a gender identity that differs from the one assigned at birth.

Gender intensification hypothesis

The theory that psychological and behavioral differences between boys and girls become greater during adolescence due to increased socialization pressures.

Sexual identity

An adolescent’s indication of sexual orientation, interests, and styles of behavior.

Eagly's gender differences theory

The view that gender differences are extensive but stem from social conditions rather than evolutionary history.

Prosocial behavior

Positive social actions that benefit others, such as helping or sharing.

Moral development

Changes in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding what is right and wrong.

Kohlberg's moral reasoning levels

Three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional, through which moral development occurs.

Social cognitive theory of moral development

A theory emphasizing the distinction between moral competence (ability to produce moral behaviors) and moral performance (performing those behaviors in situations).

Parental discipline styles

Techniques such as love withdrawal, power assertion, and induction used by parents to influence moral development.

Cliques

Small groups of individuals, typically same sex and age, who engage in similar activities.

Crowds

Larger social structures based on reputation where members may not spend much time together.

Romantic love

Also called passionate love; characterized by infatuation and sexuality, especially prominent among adolescents.

Co-habitation

Living together without being married, prevalent as a lifestyle among adults.