Types and Relative Percentages of Leukocytes in Normal Blood

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Neutrophils

  • A type of White blood cell (Leukocytes)

Granulocytes

  • Most numerous WBCs 50-70% of WBCs

  • Granules contain either hydrolytic enzymes or antimicrobial proteins “brew“ called defensins (spears)

  • Very phagocytic

    • a cell that is highly capable of phagocytosis, meaning it can efficiently engulf and destroy foreign particles, such as bacteria, fungi, and cellular debris. referred to as “bacteria slayers”

  • Defensis granules merge with phagosome(vesicle)

    • Form “spears“ that piece holes in membrane of ingested microbe

Characteristics:

  • Multilobed nucleus

  • Lilac color cytoplasm, due to pale red and blue cytoplasmic granules

<ul><li><p>A type of White blood cell (Leukocytes)</p></li></ul><p></p><p><u>Granulocytes</u></p><ul><li><p>Most numerous WBCs 50-70% of WBCs</p></li><li><p>Granules contain either <strong>hydrolytic enzymes</strong> or <strong>antimicrobial proteins “brew“</strong> called <strong>defensins</strong> (spears)</p></li><li><p><strong>Very phagocytic</strong></p><ul><li><p>a cell that is highly capable of <strong>phagocytosis</strong>, meaning it can efficiently engulf and destroy foreign particles, such as bacteria, fungi, and cellular debris. referred to as “bacteria slayers”</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Defensis</strong> granules merge with <strong>phagosome(vesicle)</strong></p><ul><li><p>Form “spears“ that piece holes in membrane of ingested microbe</p></li></ul></li></ul><p>Characteristics:</p><ul><li><p>Multilobed nucleus</p></li><li><p>Lilac color cytoplasm, due to pale red and blue cytoplasmic granules</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Eosinophils

  • A type of White blood cell (Leukocytes)

Granulocytes

  • 2-4% of all WBCs

  • Red-staining granules contain digestive enzymes

    • Release enzymes onto large parasitic worms, digesting their surface

  • Also play a role in allergies and asthma, as well as immune response modulation

  • Lack enzymes that specifically digest bacteria

  • Reside in loose tissues

Characteristics:

  • Bilobed nucleus, connected by a broad band (thick)

  • red cytoplasmic granules

  • Large coarse granules

<ul><li><p>A type of White blood cell (Leukocytes)</p></li></ul><p></p><p><u>Granulocytes</u></p><ul><li><p>2-4% of all WBCs</p></li><li><p>Red-staining granules contain digestive enzymes</p><ul><li><p>Release enzymes onto large parasitic worms, digesting their surface</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Also play a role in allergies and asthma, as well as immune response modulation</p></li><li><p>Lack enzymes that specifically digest bacteria</p></li><li><p>Reside in loose tissues </p></li></ul><p>Characteristics:</p><ul><li><p>Bilobed nucleus, connected by a broad band (thick)</p></li><li><p> red cytoplasmic granules</p></li><li><p>Large coarse granules </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Basophils

  • A type of White blood cell (Leukocytes)

Granulocytes

  • Rarest WBCs, make up only 0.5-1%

  • Large, purplish-black granules contain histamine

    • Histamine is a inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator (makes blood vessels dilate) amd attracts other WBCs to the inflamed site.

Characteristics:

  • Bilobed nucleus

  • Purplish-black cytoplasmic granules

  • Nucleus deep purple with one to two constrictions, U or S shaped and a little hard to see

<ul><li><p>A type of White blood cell (Leukocytes)</p></li></ul><p></p><p><u>Granulocytes</u></p><ul><li><p>Rarest WBCs, make up only 0.5-1%</p></li><li><p>Large, purplish-black granules contain <strong>histamine</strong></p><ul><li><p>Histamine is a inflammatory chemical that acts as a vasodilator (makes blood vessels dilate) amd attracts other WBCs to the inflamed site.</p></li></ul></li></ul><p>Characteristics:</p><ul><li><p>Bilobed nucleus</p></li><li><p>Purplish-black cytoplasmic granules</p></li><li><p>Nucleus deep purple with one to two constrictions, U or S shaped and a little hard to see </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Lymphocytes

  • A type of White blood cell (Leukocytes)

Agranulocytes

  • Second most abundant WBC, make up 25% of leukocytes

  • Few are found in blood, mostly found in Lymphoid tissue (ex: lymph nodes, spleen, etc.)

  • Crucial to immunity

  • Two types:

    • T lymphocytes (T cells): act against virus-infected cells and tumor cells

    • B lymphocytes (B cells): give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies

Characteristics:

  • Large dark purple nucleus that takes up most of the cell volume; spherical or might have a slight indent

  • Pale blue cytoplasm around nucleus

<ul><li><p>A type of White blood cell (Leukocytes)</p></li></ul><p></p><p><u>Agranulocytes</u></p><ul><li><p>Second most abundant WBC, make up 25% of leukocytes</p></li><li><p>Few are found in blood, mostly found in Lymphoid tissue (ex: lymph nodes, spleen, etc.)</p></li><li><p>Crucial to immunity</p></li><li><p>Two types:</p><ul><li><p><strong>T lymphocytes (T cells):</strong> act against virus-infected cells and tumor cells</p></li><li><p><strong>B lymphocytes (B cells):</strong> give rise to plasma cells, which produce <strong>antibodies</strong></p></li></ul></li></ul><p>Characteristics:</p><ul><li><p>Large dark purple nucleus that takes up most of the cell volume; spherical or might have a slight indent</p></li><li><p>Pale blue cytoplasm around nucleus </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Monocytes

  • A type of White blood cell (Leukocytes)

Agranulocytes

  • 3-8% of leukocytes

  • The largest leukocytes

  • Leave circulation, enter tissues, and differentiate into macrophages with prodigious appetites

    • macrophages are actively phagocytic cells, crucial against viruses, intracellular bacterial parasites, and chronic infections.

    • macrophages can activate lymphocytes to mount an immune response

Characteristics:

  • U-ish, Kidney-shaped nucleus

  • Abundant pale blue cytoplasm

  • darkly stained purple nucleus

<ul><li><p>A type of White blood cell (Leukocytes)</p></li></ul><p></p><p><u>Agranulocytes</u></p><ul><li><p>3-8% of leukocytes</p></li><li><p>The largest leukocytes</p></li><li><p>Leave circulation, enter tissues, and differentiate into <strong>macrophages </strong>with prodigious appetites</p><ul><li><p><strong>macrophages</strong> are actively phagocytic cells, crucial against viruses, intracellular bacterial parasites, and chronic infections.</p></li><li><p><strong>macrophages </strong>can activate lymphocytes to mount an immune response</p></li></ul></li></ul><p>Characteristics:</p><ul><li><p>U-ish, Kidney-shaped nucleus</p></li><li><p>Abundant pale blue cytoplasm</p></li><li><p>darkly stained purple nucleus </p></li></ul><p></p>