clinical procedures test 3

what are the adverse reactions?

• Vasovagal Reflex Reaction

• Allergic Type Reactions

• Pyrogen Reactions

• Idiosyncratic reactions

• Idiopathic reactions

• Local pain and/or swelling

•  Infection

  
  

what are the symptoms of a Vasovagal reflex reaction?

syncope: temporary loss of consciousness, hypotension: low blood pressure, diaphoresis: excessive sweating, and nausea

what are the symptoms of an Allergic Type Reaction?

hives, bronchospasms, swelling, and anaphylaxis

what are the symptoms of a pyrogen reaction?

Aseptic meningitis from intrathecal injections

what are the symptoms of an Idiosyncratic reactions

unpredictable symptoms

what are the symptoms of an idopathic reaction?

unpredictable symptoms

what are some of the symptoms for infection reaction?

depends on type of infections

What are the methods of localization

Simple diffusion, Active transport, capillary blockade,phagocytosis, Sequestration, compartmental localization, chemiosorption, Antigen/antibody reaction, receptor binding

Ex of simple diffusion

Tc 99m HMPAO plasma to brain

Ex of active transport

I-131 NaI for thyroid imaging.

Ex of capillary blockade

Tc 99m MAA particles to pulmonary capillaries 

EX of phagocytosis

Tc 99m sulfur colloid to the liver/spleen cells

EX of sequestration?

Splenic sequestration studies

ex of compartmental localization

Xe-133 gas for pulmonary ventilation

what are some of the other methods of localization 

chemiosorption, Antigen/antibody reaction, receptor binding-

What Tc-99m compound is commonly used for bone imaging?

Tc-99 MDP

Which Tc-99m agent is used for Myocardial perfusion imaging?

Tc-99m Sestamibi or Tc-99m Tetrofosmin

What is the primary use of Tc-99m Sulfur colloid?

Liver, Spleen, and bone marrow imaging.

Which radiopharmaceutical is used to detect infections and lymphoma?

Ga-67 citrate

What organs show physiological uptake of Ga-67?

 Liver, spleen, bone marrow and salivary glands.

What is the main use of I-123 in nuclear medicine?

Thyroid imaging and uptake studies

Why is I-123 preferred over I-131 for thyroid scans?

lower radiation dose and better imaging quality

What is the therapeutic use of I-131?

treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer

What precautions are necessary when administering i-131?

isolation and limiting contact.

Why is I-131 not ideal for high resolution imaging?

it emits high-energy beta particles and has poor imaging resolution.

Which Tc-99m compound is commonly used for hepatobiliary imaging?

Tc-99m mebrofenin or Tc-99m disofenin

How is I-123 administered for thyroid imaging?

Orally as a capsule or solution

Which Tc-99m agent is used for lung perfusion imaging?

Tc-99m MAA

Which organ is primarily targeted in Tc-99m DMSA scans?

The kidneys (renal cortex)

 TcO₄⁻ concentrates primarily in these regions

• Thyroid

• Salivary glands

• Gastric mucosa

• Choroid plexus

Pertechnetate is used primarily used for the following

 Thyroid imaging

• Salivary gland imaging

• Gastric mucosa imaging (Meckel’s diverticulum)

• First-pass radionuclide angiocardiography

Sodium pertechnetate is removed from the blood by the following

• Stomach (The affinity of the stomach for TcO4- is caused by its similarity to chloride)

• Salivary glands (Pertechnetate in the blood is taken up by salivary cells and secreted into the salivary ducts)

• Thyroid (The size and charge of the pertechnetate ion are very similar to the iodide ion.)

• Large and small intestines (The large bowel has the highest concentration of TcO4- 24 hours post administration)

• Choroid plexus (The choroid plexus is the area of the ventricles of the brain where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced.)

• Sweat glands (Disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) could allow pertechnetate to enter the brain.)

• Kidneys (About 50% of the administered dose is removed by the urinary tract in the first 24 hours)

what is simple diffusion?

movement of a substance from regions of
higher concentrations to regions of lower concentrations

What is Tc-99m Macroaggregated Albumin (MAA) trade name

pulmolite

What is the common name of Tc-99m DTPA

pentetate

What is the common name is Tc-99m DMSA

succimer

What is the common name is Tc-99m MAG 3

mertiatide

Tc-99m MDP methylene diphosphonate common name

medronate

Tc-99m HDP hydrooxymethylene diphosphonate common name

oxidronate

Trade name for Tc-99m Sestamibi

cardiolite

trade name for Tc-99m Tetrofosmin

myoview

What is the trade name for Tc-99m Mebrofenin

choletec

Trade name of Tc-99m Tilmanocept

Lymphoseek