hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis

The formation and differentiation if blood cells

What are the effects of radiation sickness?

Possible chromosomal damage, reduction in white blood cells ( temporary), radiation sickness, serious radiation sickness: marrow and intestine destruction and early death

Adult stem cell activity occurs where?

The cranium, pelvis, sternum, ribs, vertebra and long bones

What are the four developmental fates of HSC?

1. Self renewal

2. Differentiation

3. Emigration

4. Programmed cell death

Describe self renewal

Describe differentiation

Describe emigration

Describe programmed cell death

How were stem cells originally isolated? Where?

In the early days HSC were isolated by inducing females having an abortion and taking the fetal liver from fetuses and suspending the cell at 37 degrees Celsius letting them settle out and centrifuging them to prepare the nuclear cell. From the liver of fetuses.

How did the original process of isolating HSC push the creation of Yamanaka’s factors?

There were several restrictions regarding the use of human fetuses and fetus parts in research because politics heavily influenced the availability of these vital resources Yamanka attempted to create a different method to have these available more readily.

Who is Irving Weissmann

He was the first to identify, purify and isolate hemapoetic stem cells.

Why is the discovery of CD34 + marker significant?

Describe the process of HSC panning?

Make monoclonal antibodies

Take the

Are hematopoietic stem cells relatively scarce?

Yes they are scarce 1 in 50,000.

Can these cells be used to repopulate a bone marrow depleted system

Yes

hematopoietic stem cells can be isolated with?

Panning

Where is HSC often isolated from? ( not current)

From the hip because it is the bone the closest to the skin.

What is the actual method used currently to pull out stem cells from bone marrow? What can these cell be used for?

Granulocytes colony stimulating factor and it is a drug used to induce bone marrow to release HSC into the blood stream. To assist people who are undergoing chemotherapy. The stems cell and replace the stem cell that have been destroyed in the bone marrow of patients who have undergo chemotherapy.

Efficient production uses what and what selection?

Negative

Positive

What is HSC transplantation often used to treat?

Leukemias, anemias, immune deficiency disorders, some solid tumor cancers

Negative selection

Selects Against cells that express mature lineage markers

(here you react the cells with F1 antibodies to differentiation antigens)

Positive selection

Selection for the cells that express stem cell markers

(React F1-antibodies against Sca1 and c-kit with the purpose of collecting only the stem cell)

Need to know C-kit

This is a stem cell marker

Need to know Sca-1

This a stem cell marker

Can you expnogenously replace hemapotic stem cells

Yes

Need to know CD34+

Allows you to defer HSC cells

Panning happen with positive or negative selection first?

Negative them positive

Describe the process of panning

HSC

What does CD stand for? Why was it implemented?

Cluster of differentiation. A single designation resprssnts a cluster of antibodies from different labs that all recognize the same cell surface molecules linked to a specific stage of cell differentiation. This nomenclature was created to clear up the confusion as different labs have different names to the exact same cell surface molecules making it difficult to compare research results.

What are the two cell lineages of a hematopoietic stem cell?

1 myeloid

2 lymphoid

The two main types of leukemia are? What can the be (2)?

Myeloid or lymphoid. Acute or chronic