Chemistry Chapter 5 pt. 2

Quantum numbers

Quantum numbers

a set of four numbers used to describe the properties in electrons in an atom

Pauli exclusion principle

states that each electron in an atom has a unique set of 4 quantum numbers

Principal quantum numbers symbol

n

Principal quantum numbers numeric range

1, 2, 3, ..., infinity

Principal quantum numbers electron property

energy level (how much energy the electron has); the larger the number, the higher the energy level

Principal quantum numbers orbital property

size; the larger the number, the farther it is from the nucleus and the bigger it is

Angular momentum quantum number symbol

ℓ

Angular momentum quantum number numeric range

0, 1, ... n - 1

Angular momentum quantum number electron property

energy sublevel

Angular momentum quantum number orbital property

shape of orbital

ℓ = 0

s sublevel, shaped like a sphere

ℓ = 1

p sublevel, shaped like a dumbbell

ℓ = 2

d sublevel, shaped like a cloverleaf or a dumbbell with a donut

ℓ = 3

f sublevel, 3 known shapes

Magnetic quantum number symbol

mℓ

Magnetic quantum number numeric range

-ℓ, ..., 0, ..., +ℓ

Magnetic quantum number electron property

orbital the electron occupies

Magnetic quantum number orbital property

orientation in space

Degenerate

things that have the same amount of energy

Spin quantum number symbol

ms

Spin quantum number numeric value

+1/2 or -1/2

Spin quantum number electron property

spin; the direction of the spin of the electron when in a magnetic field +1/2, -1/2 are opposite spins

Spin quantum number orbital property

N/A