gallbladder pathology/operations pt 2

symptoms of gallbladder disease

RUQ abdominal pain developes after ingesting greasy food

gallbladder attack May cause pain where

right shoulder

clinical sign of gallbladder disease

jaundice

what frequently occurs from bile Stasis

sludge or thickness

what may be seen in a patient with prolonged fasting, hyper alimentation therapy and with obstruction of gallbladder

sludge

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

cholecystitis may take form of

• acute or chronic

• acalculus

• emphysematous

• gangrenes

rare complication of acute cholecystitis

emphysematous cholecystitis

emphysematous cholecystitis:

is rapidly progressive and fatal in what percent of patients

15%

emphysematous cholecystitis: who does it affect more men or women?

men

emphysematous cholecystitis:

what percent of patients are diabetic?

50%

gallstones are always present with emphysematous cholecystitis?

false, and 30 to 50% of patients gallstones are not present

emphysematous cholecystitis:

gas forming bacteria is present in the

gallbladder wall and lumen with extension into biliary ducts

what is a surgical emergency complication with emphysematous cholecystitis?

gangrene

gangrene cholecystitis

serous of painful complication of acute cholecystitis that may lead to perforation

distal cholangiocarcinoma can travel to

adjacent lymph nodes

metastasis to biliary tree:

most common tumor sites that can spread to the biliary tree are from

breast, colon, or melanoma

what can metastasis affect

Intrahepatic and extrahepatic duct system

Intrahepatic biliary tumors are rare and primarily limited to

cystadenoma and Cystadenocarcinoma

Intrahepatic biliary Neoplasts clinical sciences

Abdomen pain, mass, jaundice

Intrahepatic biliary neoplasts Are mostly found in

Middle-aged women

what is the second most common primary malignancy of the liver?

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

what is cholangiocarcinoma connected to?

liver cirrhosis, and hepatitis C infection

hilar cholangiocarcinoma symptoms

• jaundice

• pruritus

• Elevated cholestatic liver parameters

where does hilar cholangiocarcinoma begin

right or left bile duct

hilar cholangiocarcinoma:

chronic obstruction leads where

To atrophy of the involved lobe

hilar cholangiocarcinoma:

how long does it take to kill a majority of patients?

usually within one year of diagnosis

distal cholangiocarcinoma

mass may be

sclerosing or polypoid

gangrenous cholecystitis:

after prolonged ____ causes a gallbladder to undergo _____

infection, necrosis

gangrenous cholecystitis:

gallbladder wall may be

• thickened

• edematous

• Hemorrhage

• Necrosis

gangrenous cholecystitis:

ulcerations and perforations may be present, these result in

Pericholecystic abscesses or peritonitis

gangrenous cholecystitis:

gallstones or fine gravel occur in

80% to 95% of patients