d2.1

Practice flashcards covering key concepts related to cell division, including mitosis, meiosis, cytokinesis, and the implications of cell cycles and mutations.

What is the process called when prokaryotic cells divide?

Binary fission.

What type of cell division do eukaryotic cells undergo to produce gametes?

Meiosis.

What is cytokinesis?

The process of splitting the cytoplasm of the parent cell between two daughter cells.

How do animal cells perform cytokinesis?

A contractile ring made of actin and myosin pinches the cell membrane, forming a cleavage furrow.

What forms the cell plate during cytokinesis in plant cells?

The fusion of vesicles containing cell wall materials.

What is the goal of unequal cytokinesis in oogenesis?

To ensure the mature ovum has enough nutrients and machinery for fertilization and early development.

What type of cells are produced through mitosis?

Diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

What is one key function of mitosis?

Growth: Increasing the number of cells as an organism grows.

What leads to genetic diversity during meiosis?

Crossing over and independent assortment.

What happens during anaphase in meiosis I?

Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles, while sister chromatids remain attached.

What is non-disjunction?

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis.

What is trisomy?

A genetic condition where there is an extra chromosome.

How does karyotyping help in genetics?

It analyzes the number and structure of chromosomes to detect abnormalities.

What regulates the cell cycle?

Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).

What is a malignant tumor?

A cancerous growth with rapid and uncontrolled cell division that can spread to other parts of the body.

What does a high mitotic index indicate?

A rapidly proliferating cell population, often found in tumors.