10.4 personality and dissociative disorders

personality disorders

enduring patterns of internal experience. and behavior that deviate markedly from cultural expectations, are pervasive and inflexible, begin in adolescence or early adulthood, stable over time, and lead to significant personal distress or impairment

cluster a personality disorders

characterized by odd or eccentric behaviors and thinking consisting of paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal personality disorders

paranoid personality disorder

characterized by pervasive distrust and suspicion of other, interpreting their motives as malevolent, leading to significant interpersonal difficulties and isolation

schizoid personality disorder

characterized by a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted angle of emotional expression, leading to a preference for solitary activities and limited interest in forming close relationships

schizotypal personality disorder

characterized by acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentric behaviors, often leading to significant social and interpersonal difficulties

cluster b personality disorders

characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors including antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders

antisocial personality disorder

characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others, often involving deceitful, manipulative and unlawful behaviors, and a lack of remorse for these actions

histrionic personality disorder

characterized by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior, including a need for approval and inappropriate seductiveness, often leading to difficulties in maintaining deep and meaningful relationships.

narcissistic personality disorder

characterized by a pervasive patty of grandiosity a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for other, often resulting in exploitative behavior and difficulties in maintaining healthy relationships

borderline personality disorder

characterized by instability in interpuso al relationships, self-image, and emotions, along with impulsive behaviors and intense fear of abandonment, often leading to significant distress and difficulties in daily functioning.

cluster c personality disorder

characterized by anxious fearful behaviors, including avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders, which involve patterns of social inhibition, submissiveness, and perfectionism

avoidant personality disorder

pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, leading to avoidance of social interactions, and a reluctance to engage in new activities

dependent personality disorder

characterized by an excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behavior, and fears of separation, resulting in difficulty making decisions without reassurance from others.

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency, leading to significant distress or impairment in functioning

Dissociative Disorders

characterized by disruptions or discontinuities in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception, leading to significant impairment in daily functioning.

depersonalization/derealization disorder

marked by intense episodes of Depersonalization: sense of detachment from oneself, or an out-of-body experience. Derealization: sense of detachment from one's surroundings, in which the world seems unreal

dissociative amnesia

involves an inability to recall important autobiographical information usually of a traumatic or stressful nature and can be accompanied by a fugue

fugue

includes sudden, unexpected travel away from home or work, with an inability to recall one's past and confusion about personal identity.

dissociative identity disorder

characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities (alters), each with its own pattern of perceiving and interacting with the world, resulting in gaps in memory and a disrupted sense of self