History: Decolonization

Non-cooperation

Champaran Campaign

Farmers in northern India were livid because they had to plant indigo

-farmers were upset because indigo isn’t worth anything and what they sold is what they got paid

-since they didn’t have any money, they couldn’t pay rent

Homespun Movement

effort to get people to make fabric domestically

“we aren’t going to buy fabric from the British even if we have to do all of the labor

Salt March

march led by Gandhi from Sabarmati ashram to the coastal village of Dandi

defied the British salt tax and monopoly

showed that they do not agree with British rule and sparked a broader movement of civil disobedience

Gandhi’s Hunger Strikes

form of nonviolent protest that lasted days or weeks

used to draw attention to social and political issues mostly during the Indian independence movement

challenged british government/what they had implied and to achieve specific goals for his community like policy changes and promoting communal harmony

Partitioning of India & Pakistan

a central and southern part where Hindus formed the majority

-north east and north west were mostly muslim

Jawaharlal Nehru

first prime minister of India

Muhammad Jinnah

founder and first governor-general of Pakistan

sought the political union of Hindus and Muslims

achieved title of “Best ambassador of hindu-muslim unity”

Non-Alignment Movement

after WWII, asked themselves if they wanted to join the US or soviets or just stay by themselves

decided not to take any sides

there was no good financial benefit from this but they were staying out of everything

Green Revolution

using new fertilizers and pesticides

not environmentally friendly at all

South Africa Apartheid

racial discrimination and segregation done by white supremacists to ensure the dominance and privilege of white south africans

-black southern Africans had strict and worse housing, and overall discrimination of rights to vote, own properties, and were denied quality education and jobs

used violence to keep black south africans down and make sure that they don’t get equal treatment that the white south africans got

Sharpeville Massacre

firing on a large crowd

arrested everyone possible to make sure nobody would attest

uMkhonto we Sizwe / Spear of the Nation

started by Mandela

fight against the south African government to bring an end to its racist policies

Soweto Massacre

police killed 2 kids

when people heard, the police started to kill more and more

more people died than the sharpeville massacre

Stephen Biko

anti-apartheid activist in south Africa

founded the black consciousness movement

had empowered and mobilized much of the urban black population

Archbishop Desmond Tutu

south African Anglican bishop and theologian

received Nobel peace prize for his opposition against Apartheid

Nelson Mandela

dedicated his life to dismantling apartheid

key figure in the fight for equality and democracy

became south africa’s first black president

also a nobel peace prize laureate

1994 Presidential Election

Mandela: first one that everyone in south Africa can have a say and a voice in the election

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

when apartheid comes to an end, they offer amnesty for anyone who comes forward and admits to what they had done

documents truth and there is no legal consequence if you offer amnesty truthfully