Ch.8 Contraception and abortion Lecture notes (Completed)

Comprehensive practice questions covering the various methods of contraception, their mechanisms, side effects, and warning signs based on lecture notes.

What is the definition of contraception according to the lecture?

The intentional prevention of pregnancy during sexual intercourse.

How is birth control defined in the transcript?

The device and/or practice used to decrease the risk of conceiving or bearing offspring.

What are the components of the acronym BRAIDED for informed consent?

Benefits, Risks, Alternatives, Inquiries, Decisions, Explanations, and Documentation.

How do spermicides prevent the sperm from reaching the cervical os?

By attacking the sperm flagella and body to reduce sperm motility.

What is the most frequently used chemical in spermicides?

nonoxynol-9 (N-9)

When should intravaginal spermicides be inserted relative to sexual intercourse?

High in the vagina at least 15 minutes to one hour prior to sexual intercourse.

What type of condom material should be used for individuals with a latex allergy?

Polyurethane condoms

How long must a diaphragm remain in place post-coitus?

6 hours

How often should the fit of a diaphragm be assessed?

Annually during a gyn exam, and the device should be replaced every 2 years.

How long should a cervical cap be left in place after intercourse?

At least 6 hours post-coitus.

What chemical is contained in the one-size-fits-all contraceptive sponge?

N-9 spermicide

What is the primary action of combined estrogen-progestin contraceptives on the hormonal system?

They suppress the action of the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary, leading to insufficient secretion of FSH & LH.

How do combined oral contraceptives (COCs) affect the endometrium?

They alter the maturation of the endometrium, making it less favorable for implantation.

What effect does progesterone have on cervical mucus in the context of COCs?

It creates an unfavorable environment for sperm.

Name three non-contraceptive benefits of using combined oral contraceptives (COCs).

Regulates menorrhagia/irregular cycles, reduces incidence of dysmenorrhea, and treats endometriosis.

COCs provide protection against which two types of cancer?

Uterine and ovarian cancers.

Which side effect of COCs is specifically associated with the progestin component?

Vaginal yeast inf (infection).

What are three serious adverse effects of combined oral contraceptives?

Stroke, HTN (hypertension), and gall bladder disease.

In the ACHES acronym for OC complications, what does the 'A' represent?

Abdominal pain, which may indicate a problem with the liver or gall bladder.

In the ACHES acronym for OC complications, what does the 'C' represent?

Chest pain or shortness of breath, which may indicate a clot problem in the lungs or heart.

In the ACHES acronym for OC complications, what does the 'H' represent?

Headaches (sudden or persistent), which may be caused by CVA (cerebrovascular accident) or HTN.

In the ACHES acronym for OC complications, what does the 'E' represent?

Eye problems, which may indicate a vascular accident or hypertension.

In the ACHES acronym for OC complications, what does the 'S' represent?

Severe leg pain, which may indicate a thromboembolic process.

What is the benefit of the 91-day combined oral contraceptive regime?

The woman experiences fewer menstrual periods.

How is the transdermal contraceptive system applied?

The patch is applied weekly on the same day for 3 weeks, followed by one week without a patch.

Where are the recommended areas for applying the transdermal contraceptive patch?

Upper outer arm and upper torso.

How long is the vaginal contraceptive ring worn before removal for the one-week break?

3 weeks

How do progestin-only contraceptives impair fertility?

Inhibiting ovulation, thickening/decreasing cervical mucus, and altering cilia in the uterine tubes.

What is a major skeletal side effect of injectable progestins?

Decreased bone mineral density.

What is the name of the progestin implant used in the US?

Nexplanon

Within what timeframe should oral Emergency Contraception (EC) be taken?

Within 5 days of unprotected intercourse or birth control mishap.

How does Emergency Contraception (EC) work to prevent pregnancy?

It prevents ovulation by inhibiting follicular development.

How does an Intrauterine Device (IUD) affect sperm and the uterine environment?

Sperm motility is affected and the uterine lining is irritated, preventing pregnancy.

In the PAINS acronym for IUD complications, what does the 'P' stand for?

Period late, spotting/bleeding.

In the PAINS acronym for IUD complications, what does the 'A' stand for?

Abd (abdominal) pain, pain with intercourse.

In the PAINS acronym for IUD complications, what does the 'I' stand for?

Infection exposure, abnormal vag (vaginal) discharge.

In the PAINS acronym for IUD complications, what does the 'N' stand for?

Not feeling well, fever, chills.

In the PAINS acronym for IUD complications, what does the 'S' stand for?

String missing; shorter or longer.

What is the surgical interruption of the man's vas deferens called?

Vasectomy

How long does it take for the ducts to clear of sperm after a vasectomy?

1 week to several months.

What is the definition of an induced abortion?

The purposeful interruption of a pregnancy prior to 20 weeks of gestation.

What is the difference between an elective and a therapeutic abortion?

Elective is per the woman's request; therapeutic is related to maternal or fetal health.

How is a 1st-trimester abortion typically performed before 9 weeks?

By aspiration (vacuum or suction curettage) in a physician’s office.

What drugs are used in a medical abortion 10 weeks after a missed LMP?

methotrexate or misoprostol

Up to what week of gestation can a 2nd-trimester abortion be performed?

20 weeks

What are the two common symptoms-based methods for natural family planning?

Two Day Method and basal body temperature method.

What defines Bilateral tubal ligation (BTL)?

A form of female sterilization that can be done immediately after birth or at any time desired.

Which fertility awareness method uses Home Predictor Test Kits?

Biologic Marker Methods

How are monophasic pills defined in the transcript?

Fixed doses of estrogen and progestin.

Which natural family planning method focuses specifically on ovulation detection via secretions?

cervical mucus ovulation detection method