New England Colonies

Who were the Pilgrims and why did they leave England?

Strict religious separatists who left England for Holland in 1620 to seek religious freedom, later funding a voyage to America.

What was New England’s geography like?

Thin, rocky soil, poor for farming, short growing season, cold winters, and more mountainous inland than the South.

What did the Pilgrims do upon arrival?

After a 66-day voyage, they landed in Plymouth and signed the Mayflower Compact, establishing early ideas of self-government and majority rule.

What happened at the first Thanksgiving?

In 1621, Pilgrims and Native Americans (like Squanto) celebrated the first Thanksgiving, with Squanto teaching the Pilgrims to fish and grow corn.

Who was John Winthrop?

Became governor of Massachusetts in 1628; Puritan leader who wanted a “City upon a Hill”, creating a model Christian society.

How did the Puritans govern their communities?

Created “Covenant communities”, practiced direct democracy in town meetings, and laid the foundation for majority rule in America.

Who were some people banished for dissent?

Roger Williams (founded Rhode Island for speaking against church) and Anne Hutchinson (held Bible meetings for women). Puritans were intolerant of religious dissent.

What was life like for women in New England?

Patriarchal society; women were expected to be subservient to men and had limited roles in public or church life.

What caused King Philip’s War and what was the outcome?

Wampanoag Chief Metacom united Native tribes against colonists in 1675 over land. 8 natives and 6 of 13 colonists killed. Colonists won after Metacom’s death.

What happened during the Salem Witch Trials?

In 1692, Puritan girls claimed to be bewitched. Over 100 accused (mostly women), 20 executed (mostly by hanging), fueled by fear of independent women and challenges to Puritan authority.

How did the New England Colonies grow economically?

Economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, and trade. Colonies expanded to the Connecticut River and New Hampshire.