lift and the Bernoulli principle and spin with magnus force

what is Bernoulli’s principle

The higher the velocity of air flow, the lower the surrounding pressure.

when lift occurs on an aerofoil object where is air velocity fastest

over the top of the object where the air must travel furthest causing lower air pressure

when lift occurs on an aerofoil object where is air velocity slowest

under the object causing there to be higher air pressure and lift to occurs

describe how lift occurs

there is high air velocity over the top of the object causing low pressure and low air velocity under the bottom of the object  and a high air pressure

air moves from high to low causing the object to lift

which diagram is an airflow diagram for a discus

free body diagram for lift, weight and air resistance for a discus

describe how downward lift occurs

there is low air velocity over the top of the object causing high pressure and low air velocity under the bottom of the object causing a lower pressure

air moves from high to low causing the object to be forced downward creating more friction

how does spin occur

applying an eccentric force outside of the centre of mass

what are the 4 types of spin 

topspin 

backspin

hook side spin

slice side spin

how does topspin occur

when an eccentric force is applied above the centre of mass

how does backspin occur

an eccentric force applied below the centre of mass

how does hook occur

eccentric force applied right of the centre of mass

how does slice occur

eccentric force is applied to the left of the centre of mass

define magnus force

A force created from a pressure gradient on opposing surfaces of a spinning

body moving through the air.

what is the magnus effect

Creation of an additional Magnus force on a spinning projectile which

deviates from the flight path.

how does topspin affect an objects flight path

it shorten the flight path

how does backspin affect an objects flight path

it lengthens the flight path