Protein Modification and Vesicle Transport in Cells

Flashcards covering important vocabulary terms related to protein modification and vesicle transport as discussed in the lecture notes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A cellular organelle that modifies proteins and transports them across membranes.

Chaperone Proteins

Proteins that assist in the folding and assembly of polypeptides.

BiP (Binding Immunoglobulin Protein)

A chaperone protein that aids in protein folding and is important for the Unfolded-Protein Response.

Glycosylation

The process of adding oligosaccharides to polypeptides, forming glycoproteins.

Disulfide Bridges

Covalent bonds that help stabilize protein structures, formed by the action of protein disulfide isomerase.

Vesicle Formation

The process that involves the budding off of vesicles from membranes to transport proteins.

GTPase

An enzyme that hydrolyzes GTP to GDP, playing a crucial role in vesicle budding.

Clathrin

A protein involved in the formation of coated vesicles for endocytosis.

Unfolded-Protein Response (UPR)

A cellular stress response related to the endoplasmic reticulum that aims to restore normal function by resolving the issue of misfolded proteins.

ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD)

A process by which misfolded proteins are identified in the ER and targeted for degradation in the cytosol.