Anatomy

juxta-

Next to, near
(e.g., Juxtaposed- placed close together or side by side.)

lacto-

Milk
(e.g., Lactation - secretion of milk)

lamella, lamina, strata

Layer, thin sheet/plate
(e.g., Laminated paper- made of thin pressed flat sheets stacked together; Stratosphere layer in the sky)

latero-

Side
(e.g., Lateral view - side view)

luteus

Yellow (e.g., Lutein- yellow pigment in egg yolks)

lyso-, lyto-

Break down, dissolve, loosen
(e.g., Glycolysis- metabolic process that breaks down glucose.

macro-

Large, long
(e.g., Macrophage - large engulfing immune cell)

medi-, meso-

Middle
(e.g., Medial - toward midline; Mesoamerica- region in the middle of the Americas.)

mega-

Large, enlarged
(e.g., Megaphone- a device used to make your voice sound large and loud.)

meta-

Beyond, change, transform
(e.g., Metamorphosis- a complete change in physical form or structure (used in biology, like a caterpillar becoming a butterfly.)

micro-

Small, minute
(e.g., Microscope- an instrument used to look at very small objects or cells.)

mono-, uni-

One, single (e.g., Monocyte - single-nucleus white cell; Unilateral)

morpho-

Form, shape, structure (e.g., Morphology - study of form/structure)

myo-, mysi-

Muscle (e.g., Myocardium - heart muscle; Epimysium)

neo-

New (e.g., Neoplasm - new/abnormal tissue growth)

nephro-, reno-

Kidney (e.g., Nephron - kidney functional unit; Renal artery)

neuro-

Nerve, nervous system (e.g., Neuron - nerve cell)

oo-

Egg, ovum (e.g., Oocyte - egg cell)

oculo-

Eye (e.g., Oculomotor nerve - nerve controlling eye movement)

-ology

Study of (e.g., Physiology - study of body functions)

-oma

Tumor, mass, swelling (e.g., Melanoma - pigment cell tumor; Hematoma)

osteo-

Bone (e.g., Osteocyte - mature bone cell)

ot-

Ear (e.g., Otitis media - middle ear infection)

oxy-

Oxygen, sharp, rapid (e.g., Hypoxia - low oxygen; Oxytocin)

para-

Beside, near, abnormal (e.g., Parathyroid glands - glands beside the thyroid)

papillae-

Nipple-like projection (e.g., Dermal papillae - fingerprint projections in skin)

pariet-

Wall (e.g., Parietal pleura - membrane lining cavity wall)

patho-

Disease, suffering (e.g., Pathogen - disease-causing agent)

pedi-, pod-

Foot, or child in pediatrics (e.g., Pedal artery - foot artery; Podocyte - foot-like kidney cell)

peri-

Around, surrounding (e.g., Pericardium - membrane around heart)

phago-

Eat, consume, swallow (e.g., Phagocytosis - process of cell eating)

philo-

Loving, attracted to (e.g., Hydrophilic - water-attracted)

phobo-

Fearing, repelling (e.g., Hydrophobic - water-repelling)

physio-

Nature, natural function (e.g., Physiology - study of natural function)

pleuro-

Rib, side, pleural membrane (e.g., Pleural cavity - space surrounding lungs)

pneumo-, pulmono-

Lung, air, breath (e.g., Pneumonia - lung infection; Pulmonary valve)

poly-

Many, multiple, excess (e.g., Polypeptide - many linked amino acids)

pro-

Before, in front of, forward (e.g., Prophase - stage before cell division)

pseudo-

False, deceptive (e.g., Pseudostratified - appearing layered, but single layer)

quadri-

Four (e.g., Quadriceps femoris - 4-headed thigh muscle)

recto-, ortho-

Straight, correct, direct (e.g., Rectus abdominis - straight abdominal muscle)

sclero-

Hard, tough (e.g., Sclera - tough white layer of eyeball)

-scope

Instrument for visual examination (e.g., Otoscope - instrument to examine ears)

septum-

Wall, dividing partition (e.g., Nasal septum - wall dividing nasal cavities)

squamo-

Flat, scale-like (e.g., Squamous epithelium - flat scale-like cells)

stasi-, stati-

Stopping, standing still, balance (e.g., Hemostasis - stopping blood flow/clotting)

sub-

Under, below (e.g., Sublingual gland - gland under tongue)

supra-

Above, over (e.g., Suprarenal gland - adrenal gland above kidney)

sym-, syn-

Together, joined, fused (e.g., Symphysis - growing together; Synapse)

tachy-

Fast, rapid (e.g., Tachycardia - abnormally fast heart rate)

tact-, tang-

Touch (e.g., Tactile corpuscle - touch receptor in skin)

thermo-

Heat, temperature (e.g., Thermoreceptor - temperature-sensing nerve ending)

thrombo-

Clot (e.g., Thrombocyte - blood platelet forming clots)

-tome

Instrument used to cut, slice (e.g., Dermatome - instrument to cut skin slices)

trans-

Across, through (e.g., Transverse plane - horizontal cut across body)

tri-

Three (e.g., Triceps brachii - three-headed arm muscle)

trochlea

Pulley-shaped structure (e.g., Trochlear nerve - nerve serving pulley muscle of eye)

troph-

Nourishment, growth, feeding (e.g., Hypertrophy - increase in cell size/growth)

tropo-

Turn toward, change, respond to (e.g., Gonadotropic - acting on or turning toward gonads)

tunic-

Layer, covering, coat (e.g., Tunica intima - innermost layer of blood vessel)

ventro-

Belly, front surface (e.g., Ventral body cavity - front torso cavity)

vertebro-

Vertebra, spine (e.g., Vertebral column - spine)

Roman Numerals (#1-12)

I through XII, used for Cranial Nerves (e.g., CN X - Vagus nerve, Cranial Nerve 1