anti- cancer drugs

G0 is another name for this phase of resting during the cell cycle

quiescent phase

this is the result of abnormal cells that persistently divide and grow without control

cancer

this is the largest class of anticancer drugs. ant directly on the cell to cause death

cytotoxic drugs

this broad class of drugs includes the antiestrogen, for breast cancer, and the antiandrogen, for prostate cancer

hormonal drugs

this is the ratio of proliferating cells to resting cells

growth fraction

this is an abnormal tissue growth that forms a mass

tumor

extravasation of these types of drugs can cause severe local injury

vesicant drugs

normal bone marrow, hair follicles, GI epithelium, and testes are all these types of cells, making them more susceptible to effects of cytotoxic drugs

high growth fraction cells

this is the effect of cytotoxic drugs on the hair follicles

alopecia

this word indicates a tumor does not invade nearby tissue and does not spread to the other parts of the body

Benign

cells in this phase are undergoing cell division or mitosis

the proliferation phase

these are the effect of cytotoxic drugs on the GI tract

stomatitis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting

this word indicates a tumor that invades nearby tissue or spreads throughout the body

malignant

this is the order of phases in the proliferation phase of the cell cycle

G1- preparation for DNA replication

S- DNA replication

G2- preparation for cell division

M- cell division (mitosis)

this word indicates secondary tumor at sites distant form the original tumor

metastasis

effects of cytotoxic drugs on bone marrow

neutropenia= decreased WBC, resulting in infections, fever

thrombocytopenia = decreased platelet, bleeding

anemia = decreased RBC

collectively this is called myleosuppression

this is a broad class of drugs includes the biological response modifiers (immunotherapy)

targeted drugs

Asparaginase

topoisomerase inhibitor agent from the cytotoxic drug class

MOA- converts asparagine to aspartic acid which depletes the amino acid asparagine inhibiting protein synthesis

asparaginase uses / AE

used in leukemia treatment

AE- altered blood coagulations, liver and kidney damage, immune hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis)

*No bone marrow effects

Tamoxifen

antiestrogen hormonal drug used after surgery; reduce recurrence and prevent breast cancer in women

MOA- blocks estrogen receptors in breast tissue but stimulates those receptors in other tissue (bone)

SERM- selective estrogen receptor modulator

Tamoxifen AE

menstrual irregularities, hot flashed, thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis), endometrial cancer risk, pregnancy D

5-fluorouracil

pyrimidine analog antimetabolite agent from cytotoxic drug class

MOA- substitutes for normal uracil in RNA so inhibits protein synthesis and cells can’t proliferate

cyclophosphamide

alkylating agent for the cytotoxic drug class

MOA- cells are killed by alkalization of guanine in DNA. requires activation in the liver to activate metabolites or toxic metabolites

cyclophosphamide AE

bone marrow depression

n/v

alopecia

sterility

immunosuppression

hemorrhagic cystitis

Flutamide

androgen receptor blocker hormonal drug

MOA- blocks androgen receptor in tumor cells to inhibit androgen dependent cell growth

used for advanced prostate cancer with surgical castration

Flutamide AE

hot flashes

loss of libido

gynecomastia

reduced muscle mass

osteoporosis

liver failure

Doxorubicin

antitumor antibiotic agent from the cytotoxic drug class

MOA- inserts into DNA so it can’t replicate accurately

Doxorubicin AE

can cause acute arrythmias

cardio toxicity

red/ brown urine

Med is red

Degarelix

GnRH hormonal drug

MOA- inhibits pituitary FSH and LH release inhibiting testes production of androgen

subq injection in advanced prostate

Degarelix AE

hot flashes

loss of libido

gynecomastia

reduced muscle mass

osteoporosis

Paclitaxel

taxane mitotic inhibitor agent from cytotoxic drug class

MOA- block mitosis by inhibiting microtubules that move chromosomes during cell proliferation

Paclitaxel AE

causes bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiac toxicity

Etoposide

MOA- topoisomerase inhibitor from cytotoxic drug class

alters shape of supercoiled DNA to allow replication and repair

Etoposide AE

drug solvent causes hypotension

must be diluted in large volume IV fluid to prevent

compensatory tachycardia and dysrhythmias

Trastuzumab

HER2 monoclonal antibody from the class of targeted breast cancer drugs

it is used alone when other drugs fail on in combination with cytotoxic drugs

MOA- binds to HER2 to stop cell growth and cause cell death

Trastuzumab AE

cardiotox

fatal hypersensitivity reactions'

flu like symptoms

vincristine

vinca alkaloid mitotic inhibitor agent from cytotoxic drug class

inhibiting microtubles that move chromosomes durong cell division

vincristine AE

peripheral nerve toxicity

little bone marrow depression

Vesicant

used as a combination cancer therapy

Anastrozole

aromatase inhibitor hormonal drug used as adjuvant in postmenopausal breast cancer

blocks synthesis of estrogen from androgens

Anastrozole AE

musculoskeletal pain

hot flashes

GI disturbances

osteoporosis

Cisplatin

identified as Platinum and alkylating-like

MOA- cells are killed by alkization of DNA

Cisplatin AE-

n/v

peripheral neuropathy

ototoxicity

some bone marrow suppression

use is limited by renal damage