Nursing TEAS: Science Section

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Cell Parts/Organelles

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272 Terms

1

Cell Parts/Organelles

Ribosomes; Golgi apparatus; Mitochondria; Nucleus

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2

Call Parts/Organelles Function

process energy & excrete waste

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3

Ribosomes

protein synthesis and give rough ER it's rough characteristics

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4

Golgi apparatus

modifies & packages proteins

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5

Mitochondria

convert energy

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6

Nucleus

stores DNA

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7

Cells

smallest unit of life

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8

Organ

self-contained part of organism that performs a specific function

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9

Organ Systems

functional groups of organs that work together within the body

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10

Sagittal Plane

divides into left and right parts

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11

Frontal Plane

divides into front and back parts

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12

Transverse Plane

divides into top and bottom parts

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13

Superior

top

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14

Inferior

bottom

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15

Medial

middle

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16

Lateral

to the side

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17

Posterior

back

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18

Anterior

front

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19

Dorsal

top part of hand and foot

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20

Palmar

palm/bottom side of hand and foot

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21

Proximal

closer to starting of a limb

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22

Distal

closer to ending of a limb

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23

Respiratory System Diagram

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24

Alveoli

tiny air sacs in lungs where gas exchange occurs

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25

Asthma

lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrowed airways and difficulty breathing

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26

Bronchi

main passageways directly attached to lungs

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27

Bronchioles

small passageways in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli

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28

Cystic Fibrosis

genetic disorder that affects the lungs; characterized by difficulty breathing, coughing up mucus, and lung infections

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29

Perfusion

passage of fluid to an organ or tissue

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30

Pleura

membrane around the lungs and inside chest cavity

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31

Surfactant

fluid secreted by alveoli and found in lungs

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32

Tidal Volume (TV)

amount of air breathed in

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33

Trachea

"windpipe"; connects larynx to lungs; made up of "C" shaped hyaline cartilage rings

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34

Ventilation

movement of air in and out of body via inhalation and exhalation

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35

Lungs are also referred to as ....

pleural cavity

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36

Bronchi --> ??? --> ???

Bronchi --> Bronchioles --> Alveoli

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37

Gas exchange in lungs occurs by ....

diffusion

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38

Influenza

common flu

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39

Tuberculosis (TB)

infectious bacterial lung disease

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40

Pneumonia

infection that inflames air sacs with fluid

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41

Arteries

thicker walls; blood vessels that deliver blood from heart to rest of the body

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42

Veins

thinner walls; blood vessels that carry blood to the heart

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43

Capillaries

small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules

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44

Diastole

cardiac cycle part that refills blood in the heart

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45

Systole

cardiac cycle part that expels blood throughout the body

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46

Heart

muscle that pumps blood throughout the body

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47

Hemoglobin

protein in red blood cells that carries O2 to the rest of the body

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48

Leukocyte

white blood cells that protect the body from disease

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49

Lymphocyte

subtype of a white blood cell

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50

Plasma

yellow part of blood that carries both blood cell types and platelets throughout the body

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51

Heart Attack

blockage of blood flow to heart

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52

Stroke

damage to brain from lack of blood supply to brain

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53

Aneurysm

ballooned and weakened area in an artery

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54

Atherosclerosis

plaque buildup in arteries

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55

Arrhythmias

improper heart-beat

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56

Hypertension

force of blood against artery wall is too high; high blood pressure

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57

Closed Circulatory Loop

Pulmonary Loop and Systemic Loop

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58

Pulmonary Loop

CO2 blood in right ventricle in lungs --> O2 blood in left atrium

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59

Systemic Loop

O2 blood from left ventricle --> body --> CO2 blood from body --> right atrium

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60

The ______ System and _______ System work together to regulate blood and gas exchange.

Circulatory; Respiratory

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61

Pacemaker (SA Node)

sets rhyme for heart contractions

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62

Open Lymphatic System

circulates and filters interstitial fluid between cells

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63

Lymph Nodes

filter interstitial fluid in lymphatic system; found in oral, nasal, and genital regions

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64

Gastrointestinal System

knowt flashcard image
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65

Anus

opening in rectum that expels solid waste

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66

Bolus

partially chewed and swallowed food

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67

Chyme

semifluid in partially digested food

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68

Enzymatic Digestion

breakdown of food by enzymes for absorption

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69

Gallbladder

organ that store bile

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70

Large Intestine

vitamins and H2O are absorbed b4 feces is eliminated; "colon"

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71

Liver

produces bile and regulates glycogen storage

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72

Mouth

oral cavity for entry of food

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73

Pancreas

produces insulin and secretes pancreatic juices

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74

Peristalsis

muscle contractions that move food through digestive tract

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75

Rectum

last part of large intestine and anus

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76

Saliva

"spit" in mouth

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77

Small Intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ans ileum; where digestion and absorption of food occurs

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78

Stomach

digestion occurs mechanically by contractions of smooth muscle and chemically by stomach acids and bile

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79

Mouth Enzymes

Salivary amylase and lipase

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80

Stomach Enzymes

Gastric lipase; Pepsin; HCl

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81

Stomach Hormones

Gastrin; Ghrelin

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82

Liver Enzymes

Bile

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83

Pancreas Enzymes

Pancreatic juices; Trypsin

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84

Pancreas Hormones

Secretion; Glucagon; Insulin

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85

Small Intestine Enzymes

Proteases; Lactase; Disaccharides

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86

Small Intestine Hormones

Secretin; Motilin

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87

Digestion Process

mechanical and chemical digestion in mouth --> food goes through pharynx to stomach --> mechanical and chemical digestion in stomach --> food goes through duodenum to small intestine --> cecum to large intestine --> rectum to anus

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88

Ghrelin

hormone that induces hunger

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89

Leptin

hormone that induces sensation of thirst

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90

Insulin

hormone that induces cellular uptake of glucose

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91

Glucagon

hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen

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92

Nerve Structure

knowt flashcard image
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93

Electrical Current Flow

axon --> myelin sheath --> synapse

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94

Involuntary Nervous System

autonomic nervous system; cardiac and smooth muscles like heart, digestion, and breathing

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95

Voluntary Nervous System

skeletal muscles like walking and throwing

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96

Nerve

bundle of nerve fibers that transmits electrical signals towards and away from brain and spinal cord

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97

Sensory Nerves

sends messages to the CNS; afferent nerves

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98

Motor Nerves

send messages out to muscles' efferent nerves

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99

Skeletal muscles move by contraction of _____ and _____ filaments.

actin and myosin

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100

What is the primary component of muscles?

protein

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