Opiates/Opioids: History and Basic Pharmacology

These flashcards cover important vocabulary related to the history, pharmacology, and effects of opiates and opioids.

Opiates

Naturally-occurring alkaloids derived from the opium poppy.

Opioids

All ligands for opioid receptors, including natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic forms.

Morphine

A principal active ingredient in opium, used as a powerful analgesic.

Codeine

A natural opioid with some analgesic effects, often used as a cough suppressant.

Heroin

A semi-synthetic opioid, increased lipid solubility compared to morphine, used recreationally.

Fentanyl

A synthetic opioid, 100 times more potent than morphine, used for severe pain.

Buprenorphine

A partial opioid agonist used for pain and opioid addiction treatment.

Naloxone

An opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose.

Tolerance

A condition where increased doses of a drug are needed to achieve the same effect.

Dependence

A state where withdrawal symptoms occur when the drug is not taken.

Withdrawal

Symptoms experienced when a dependent drug is discontinued.

Opium wars

Conflicts between Britain and China regarding the opium trade.

Purdue Pharma

The company that marketed OxyContin and was involved in the opioid epidemic.

Analgesia

Pain relief, the primary medical use of opioids.

Chronic use risks

Increased potential for addiction and overdose from long-term opioid use.

Cough suppressant

A medical use of opioids, particularly codeine.

Euphoria

A state of intense happiness or pleasure, sometimes produced by opioids.

Controlled-release

Type of medication formulation that releases the drug over an extended period.

Short-acting

Drugs that have a rapid onset and a short duration of effect.