10/30 15 psychopathy Etiology

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Psychopathology in parents means higher risk of psychopathology in their children.

Parental Psychopathology

Humans and other primates can learn this way, such as a child becoming aggressive after observing aggression in adults - including aggression toward the child.

Observation Learning

The more frequent and intense a caregiver's anger, the more likely the chances of psychopathology in the child, particularly in the realm of disruptive behavior disorders.

Anger

Attachment is the emotional bond between child and caregiver. A lack of early, strong attachment can lead to anxiety, avoidance, disruptive behavior, depression, and personality problems.

Infant-Caregiver attachment

These are chemicals secreted by glands that affect mood and our response to stress. Anxiety and mood disorders have been associated with an imbalance in these.

Hormones

These are physiological events, in response to what we sense or think about, that we experience as positive or negative (happiness = positive; anxious, sad, and angry = negative). Emotional reactivity and emotional regulation problems often manifest as emotional social dependence, in which a person's emotions depend on the actions of others in a cause and effect way. The behavior of others determines one's emotions (unhealthy) rather than being in control of one's emotions. 

Emotions

These are chemicals sent from neuron to neuron, and excessive amounts or insufficient amounts of some of them are associated with psychopathology like anxiety, depression, mania, psychosis.

Neurotransmitters

Low birth weight, nutritional deficiencies, disease, radiation exposure, alcohol, tobacco, or other drug exposure, and mom's extreme emotional distress can all contribute to childhood psychopathology.

Prenatal events

The stable quality of emotions, arousal, attention, and approach vs. avoidance behaviors exhibited by a person. 

Temperament

We are what we think. Anger, sadness, and anxiety do not stem from events, but from our interpretation of events. Change the interpretation, and the emotion changes.

Cognitions

Neglect and abuse are associated with childhood anxiety, depression, anger, disruptive behavior, and relational problems. Failure to establish and maintain a trusting, supportive, appreciative, accepting, affectionate, predictable, loving relationship with a child and to be a consistently available and healthy role model to the child increases the chances of childhood psychopathology.

Unhealthy Parenting

These affect development, including in areas of personality, behavior, emotion, and intellectual functioning, and genetic abnormalities can negatively affect these areas.

Genes

Deprivation of water, food, sleep, and stimulation can adversely affect brain development.

Physical and Sense Deprivation

Neural connections are plastic in that they can be made, strengthened, or weakened. Many childhood disorders involve brain function deficiencies associated with limited neural connections.

Neural Plasticity