Dental Radiology

Genial Tubercles
Radiopaque
Lingual surface of mandible at mid-line
Note: Small dark spot, radiolucency, is the LINGUAL FORAMEN

Name structure that arrow is pointing too and what the radiolucent dot is inside?

Genial Tubercles aka Mental Spines

Mylohyoid Ridge
Landmark for molars.
Blends into internal oblique ridge.
Radioopaque

Submandibular Gland Fossa
Radiolucent space below the mylohyoid ridge.

Name structure that is boxed by the dotted red line.

The smaller arrow: Mylohyoid Ridge
The larger arrow: Submandibular Gland Fossa

Arrow on left (small)?
Arrow on right (large)?

External Oblique Ridge

External Oblique Ridge
Looks like a Chisel going anteriorly
Mylohyoid Ridge

Top line (white arrow)?
Bottom line (Blue arrow)?

Inferior Alveolar Canal
Extends from mandibular foramen on medial a sect of mandible to mental foramen.
Note: If one border missing, its the Sup Border

Nutrient Canals

Mental Triangle

Mental Triangle

Mental Formen
Below the 2nd premolar tooth.
Opens in a post/sup direction

Mental Formen
Below the 2nd premolar tooth on buccal surface.

Inferior Border of Mandible

1) Incisive Foramen
2) Midpalantine Suture

Midpalantine Suture
Suture between 2 palatal processes of Maxilla

Zygomatic Process of Maxilla (Buttress)

Identify the radiopaque structure

Zygomatic Bone

Dotted Line: Floor of Maxillary Sinus
Thick Line: Zygomatic Process of Maxilla
The difference b/w the 2 is the thickness!!!

Nasal Fossa
The NASAL SEPTUM separates them.

Name the structures that the red arrows points too?
What separates them?

L: Condyle
M: Coronoid Process
R: Inf. Alveolar Canal

Label from the left side of mouth to Right.

Mental Foramen

Lateral Walls of Nasal Fossa

Inferior Nasal Concha

Soft Tissue of Nose
radiopaque. on roots of maxillary anterior teeth

Shorter arrow: Inferior Meatus
Appears radiolucent (air filled spaces)

Longer arrow: Middle meatus

Walls of Maxillary Sinus

Zygomatic Process of Maxilla
seen as U, V, or J shaped entity. THICK walls compared to sinus. Located in maxillary 2nd molar area

Zygomatic Bone / Arch

Pterygomaxillary Fissure
Upside down tear drop shape behind maxillary sinuses.

Pterygopalatine Fossa

Orbital Rim
Curved radiopaque line superior to maxillary sinus

Floor of Nose = Hard Palate

Hard Palate on the Left
Soft Palate on the Right

Soft Tissue of the Tongue
Radiolucent line bw the palates and the tongue can be best seen curving down over max molar.

External Auditory Meatus
Radiolucent entities located posterior to condyle.

Soft Tissue of the Ear
Posterior to the mandibular condyle and inferior to the ext auditory meatus.

Stylohyoid Ligament

Hyoid Bone

Identify the radiopaque object seen below the mandible on these images

Vertebral Column
May appear both laterally and in the ant part of the image.

Ghost Images
(NOT ON LIST)

Mastoid Air Cells
Superimposed in condylar region (ant/post to condyles)
Small radiolucent soap bubble air filled cavities

Top arrow: Styloid Process of Temporal Bone
Bottom Arrow: Stylohyoid Ligament

1) Localize the abnormality
2) Assess the periphery and shape
3) Analyze the internal structures
4) Analyze the effect of the lesion on the surrounding structures

Systematic Radiographic Examination Steps

Proximal Caries Lesions

Occlusal Caries Lesions

Mach Band
Sharp defined density difference such as between enamel and dentin.

Root Caries Lesion

Restoration (D and M of 9) vs Lesion (D of 10)

Recurrent Caries

Blue Arrow!?

Horizontal Bone Loss

Vertical Bone Loss

Calculus

Furcation Involvement

Crown To Root Ratio

Normal Periodontal Bone Level

Aggressive Periodontitis

Overhanging Margins

Whats wrong w/ restoration?

Distal Drifting
Only seen in premolars

Mesial Tipping
Tooth tips medially into edentulous space
Note: OPEN CONTACT

Open Contacts
If area not cleaned, should be monitored for periodontal disease.

Rarefying Osteitis
radiolucent bone inflammation
irregular borders

Radicular Cyst
Defined borders.

Sclerosing Osteoitis
radiopaque bone inflammation.

Periapical Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia

Hypercementosis
Wider root in apical and middle 3rd.

Enostosis
Island of radiopaque bone that is not associated w/ a tooth.

External Resorption

Osteosclerosis
radiopacity

Internal Resorption

Calcification

Pulp Stones

Mesiodens
Supernumerary Teeth

Distodens
Supernumerary Teeth

Peridens
Supernumerary Teeth

Microdont

Macrodont

Fusion
Union of adjacent tooth germs of developing teeth.

Concrescence
Fusion at the root through cementum only.

Gemination
"Twinning"
Single tooth bud attempt to divide

Taurodontism
Elongation of pulp chamber and surrounding tooth structure

Dilaceration

Dens In Dente when in Incisal Edge

Dens Evaginatus
Outpouching of enamel organ

This tooth presents an example of

Enamel Pears
Enamel globules of 1-3mm in diameter on root of molars.

Attrition

Abrasion

Blue - Mandibular Notch
Green - Coronoid Process
Red - Coronoid Notch

Label blue red green

Nasal Aperature (Anterior Nasal Rim)

Ethmoid Bone

green - Alveolar Process
pink - frontal paranasal sinuses

Pink Circles?
Green arrow?

Anterior Nasal Spine

Anterior Nasal Spine

Hamular Notch (Green)
Maxillary Tuberosity (Blue)

Identify the triangular space the green arrow is pointing too.
Identify what is circled in blue

Infraorbital Foramen

Pterygoid Hamulus

Recurrent Caries Lesion
On M and D of 19

Cervical Burn Out (Blue)
Arrow points to Occlusal Caries Lesions

Focal Cemento-Osseous Dysplasia

Lesser Wing of Sphenoid Bone