AP psychology unit 1: science of psychology

what word means the scientific study of behavior and mental processes?

psychology

what does “psyche” mean?

mind

what does “logos” mean?

study of

what is the opposite of free will?

determinism

what is the opposite of determinism?

free will

what word means genetically inherited traits?

nature

what word means anything in the environment that influences behavior

nurture

name the experiment which demonstrated the effect of teacher expectations on student achievement

the Pygmalion experiment

name the two individuals who conducted the Pygmalion experiment

robert rosenthal & lenore jacobson

name one of the four ways teachers with high expectations act towards their students

nicer climate, more teaching, more opportunities to respond, more feedback

a prediction or belief that, in being made, actually causes itself to come true

self-fulfilling prophecy

a child thinks she is bad at math then ends up doing badly in math. this is an example of…

self-fulfilling prophecy

are learning styles real according to the apa?

no they are a myth

the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories

confirmation bias

conservatives/liberals who only watch Fox news/msnbc may be susceptible to…

confirmation bias

the ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, communicate effectively, and empathize with others

emotional intelligence

according to social psychologist Jonathan haidt, what is the primary cause in the surge of teenage mental illness?

smart phones

the three box model includes what three kinds of memory?

sensory, short-term, and long-term

theory that proposes exposure to prenatal hormones influences adult romantic orientation?

the testosterone theory

what does dsm stand for?

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition

what year was homosexuality removed from the dsm?

1973

distress a person feels when their internal gender identity does not match the gender they were assigned at birth

gender dysphoria

who was the main author of the book titled “behavior in the human male”?

alfred kinsey

name the early advocate for lgbtq rights who helped remove homosexuality from the dsm

evelyn hooker

name the discredited treatment method that attempts to change a person’s romantic orientation

conversion therapy

drilling a hole in a person’s skull to release evil spirits is called what?

trephination

name the two ancient Greek philosophers who created the four humors theory

hippocrates and galen

name the philosopher who proved the existence of the mind

rene descartes

what does cogito ergo sum mean?

i think, therefore, I am

who is considered the father of the scientific method?

john locke

what does tabula rasa mean?

blank slate

franz gall believed bumps on the skull correlated with personality. this silly psychological approach is known as what?

phrenology

the somatotype theory absurdly suggests body type correlates with personality. who advocated this belief?

william sheldon

who set up the first ever psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany?

wilhelm wundt

what year did Wilhelm Wundt set up the first psychology laboratory?

1879

self-observation: the training for subjects to examine their own conscious thoughts and feelings?

introspection

psychological theory that describes something that is more than the sum of its parts; whole pattern

gestalt

gestalt principle: our minds group objects that share similar visual characteristics into a single whole pattern

similarity

gestalt principle; the brain will automatically fill in missing gaps to perceive a whole pattern

closure

who is the father of American psychology?

william james

the first ever psychology class was taught at Harvard university in 1875 by whom?

william james

who wrote the first psychology textbook?

william james

who established america’s first research laboratory?

g. Stanley hall

kind of medical doctor who deals with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

psychiatrist

what kind of psychologist treats people with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders?

clinical psychologist

what kind of psychologist works with clients who have less serious mental health issues?

counseling psychologist

who was the first president of the American psychological association?

g. Stanley hall

what kind of psychologist applies psychological principles to civil and criminal legal issues?

forensic psychologist

what kind of psychologist works within schools to support students’ social, emotional, and academic development, often addressing learning disabilities?

school psychologist

what kind of psychologist deals with common workplace issues such as increasing worker productivity?

industrial/organizational psychologist

who is considered the father of the theory of evolution?

charles darwin

the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

natural selection

the genetic transfer of characteristics from parent to offspring is called?

heredity

what is the name of the 19th century English scientist, who was the cousin of Charles Darwin and who believed in eugenics?

sir francis galton

the self-direction of human evolution is called what?

eugenics

the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

behavior genetics

the study of how environments can influence genetic expression (how genes work)

epigenetics

what state passed the world’s first eugenics sterilization law in 1907?

indiana

what state sterilized the most Americans and a disproportionately high number of mexican-americans?

california

name all seven contemporary approaches to psychology

behaviorism, biological, cognitive, humanism, evolutionary, psychoanalytic, social

which approach to psychology believe behavior is determined by unconcious ideas?

psychoanalytic

which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by rewards and punishments?

behaviorism

which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by self-directed choices?

humanism

which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by how people remember and think?

cognitive

which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by the nervous system?

biological

which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by natural selection?

evolutionary psychology

which approach to psychology believes behavior is determined by ethnicity, gender, and economic groups?

social

name the famous psychologist who believed unconcious sexual urges influence conscious behavior

sigmund frued

sigmund frued compared the mind to what large natural object?

and iceberg

the biggest criticism of psychoanalytic psychology is that it is what?

unscientific

sigmund frued believed women suffer from what?

penis envy

karen horney believed men suffered from what?

womb envy

sigmund frued’s nephew, Edward Bernays, used psychoanalytic psychology to convince women to do what?

smoke

name the psychologist who said free will was a fnction

b.f. skinner

a teacher who rewards his students with extra credit for writing a letter to the editor is using what kind of psychology?

behaviorism

kind of behavioral therapy; person is conditioned to associate an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

aversive conditioning

behavioral treatment method used in conversion therapy to “cure” people of homosexuality

aversive conditioning

the encoding of a memory that requires attention and conscious effort

effortful processing

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

inattentional blindness

what term refers to the ability of the brain to form new connections, in response to learning or experience?

plasticity

which approach to psychology believes all people have a need for personal growth and a need to fulfill their unique potential?

humanism

the view that intelligence, abilities, and talents are unchangeable, even with effort

fixed mindset

the belief that a person’s abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication and hard work

growth mindset

in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

grit

what is the key term for evolutionary psychology?

natural selection

what is the key word for psychoanalytic psychology?

unconcious

what is the key word for behavioral psychology?

rewards

what is the key word for cognitive psychology?

thinking

what is the key word for social psychology?

groups

what is the key term for humanistic psychology?

free will

what is a key term for biological psychology?

the brain

what kind of psychologist would explain introverted behavior as a product of free will?

humanistic

what kind of psychologist would explain introverted behavior as caused by rewards and punishments?

behavioral

what kind of psychologist would explain introverted behavior as a product of unconciously repressed memories?

psychoanalytic

what kind of psychologist would explain introverted behavior as a product of how a person things about himself?

cognitive

what kind of psychologist would explain introverted behavior as a product of a person’s genes?

evolutionary psychologist

what kind of psychologist would explain introverted behavior is a product of a person’s cultural norms?

social

what type of psychologist studies the connection between the brain and behavior?

neuropsychologist

name one common condition a neuropsychologist might study or treat

concussions, alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy

which approach to psychotherapy uses the best techniques from ALL the different kinds of psychology?

eclectic approach