Chapter 1 - Whole Numbers

Flashcards based on Chapter 1 lecture notes covering natural numbers, whole numbers, graphing, inequalities, place value, data representation, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponents, factors, prime and composite numbers, variable expressions, rounding, estimation, and properties of operations.

What are natural numbers?

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,…

What are whole numbers?

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,…

How is the graph of a whole number shown?

Placing a heavy dot directly above that number on the number line.

What does the symbol '<' represent?

Symbol for 'is less than'.

What does the symbol '>' represent?

Symbol for 'is greater than'.

What is an inequality?

A statement that uses the symbol < or >.

What does it mean for a whole number to be in standard form?

Using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 to write a whole number.

What determines a digit's place value?

The position of each digit in the number.

What is the expanded form of a number?

Expressing the number as the sum of the values of the digits.

What is a pictograph?

Represents data by using a symbol that is characteristic of the data.

What is a circle graph?

Represents data by the sizes of the sectors.

What is a bar graph?

Represents data by the heights of the bars.

What is a broken-line graph?

Represents data by the positions of the lines and shows trends or comparisons.

What is addition?

The process of finding the total of two or more numbers.

What are addends?

The numbers being added.

What is the sum?

The answer in an addition problem.

What is subtraction?

The process of finding the difference between two numbers.

What is the minuend?

The number from which another number is subtracted.

What is the subtrahend?

The number being subtracted.

What is the difference?

The answer in a subtraction problem.

What is multiplication?

The repeated addition of the same number.

What are factors?

The numbers that are multiplied.

What is the product?

The answer in a multiplication problem.

What is division?

Used to separate objects into equal groups.

What is the dividend?

The number being divided.

What is the divisor?

The number by which another number is divided.

What is the quotient?

The answer in a division problem.

What is the formula to check division?

(quotient * divisor) + remainder = dividend

What is the meaning of an exponent in exponential form?

The exponent indicates how many times the base occurs as a factor in the multiplication.

What are natural number factors?

Natural number factors of a number divide that number evenly (no remainder).

What is a prime number?

A number greater than 1 if its only whole number factors are 1 and itself.

What is a composite number?

If a number is not prime.

What is the prime factorization of a number?

The expression of the number as a product of its prime factors.

What is a variable?

A letter that is used to stand for a number.

What is a variable expression?

A mathematical expression that contains one or more variables.

What does it mean to evaluate a variable expression?

Replacing the variables in a variable expression with numbers and then simplifying the numerical expression.

How do you round a number to a given place value?

If the digit to the right is less than 5, replace that digit and all digits to the right by zeros. If the digit to the right is greater than or equal to 5, increase the digit in the given place value by 1, and replace all other digits to the right by zeros.

How do you estimate the answer to a calculation?

Round each number to the highest place value of that number. Perform the calculation using the rounded numbers.

What is the Addition Property of Zero?

a + 0 = a or 0 + a = a

What is the Commutative Property of Addition?

a + b = b + a

What is the Associative Property of Addition?

(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

What is the Multiplication Property of Zero?

a * 0 = 0 or 0 * a = 0

What is the Multiplication Property of One?

a * 1 = a or 1 * a = a

What is the Commutative Property of Multiplication?

a * b = b * a

What is the Associative Property of Multiplication?

(a * b) * c = a * (b * c)

What is the Division Property of Zero?

If a ≠ 0, 0 ÷ a = 0.

What is the Division Property of One (same number)?

If a ≠ 0, a ÷ a = 1

What is the Division Property of One (divided by 1)?

a ÷ 1 = a

What is division by zero?

a ÷ 0 is undefined.

What is the Order of Operations Agreement?

1. Parentheses, 2. Exponents, 3. Multiplication and Division (left to right), 4. Addition and Subtraction (left to right).