APUSH - Period 4 part 3 IDs

2nd Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the early 19th century that emphasized individual spirituality and personal faith.

South’s reaction to revivals

The South largely rejected the revivalist movements, seeing them as a challenge to their established social order.

Quakers and reform

Quakers, known for their pacifism, were active in various social reform movements including abolition and women’s rights.

Camp meetings

Religious gatherings held outdoors, especially popular during the Second Great Awakening for large-scale worship.

Charles Grandison Finney

A prominent preacher during the Second Great Awakening, known for his innovative revivalist techniques.

Methodists/Baptists

Two Protestant denominations that grew significantly during the Second Great Awakening, emphasizing personal conversion.

Burned-Over District

A region in New York known for its intense revival meetings and religious enthusiasm during the Second Great Awakening.

Women and the 2nd Great Awakening

Women played crucial roles in revivals, often gaining new public voices for reform issues.

Lyman Beecher

A prominent minister and leader during the Second Great Awakening, known for his strong stance against intemperance.

Mormonism

A religious movement founded by Joseph Smith, characterized by the belief in revelations and the Book of Mormon.

Joseph Smith

The founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) who claimed to have received divine revelations.

Shakers

A religious sect known for their communal living, celibacy, and unique worship practices including ecstatic dancing.

Brook Farm

A utopian community founded in the 1840s in Massachusetts that promoted transcendentalist ideas and communal living.

Perfectionism/utopian communities

The belief in the possibility of achieving a perfect society through cooperative living and moral reform.

Communitarianism

A social philosophy emphasizing the importance of community and the common good.

New Harmony

A utopian community established in Indiana by Robert Owen, focusing on socialism and equality.

Critics of reform

Individuals or groups who opposed various social reform movements, often arguing that such changes threatened traditional values.

Reformer vision of freedom

The belief that true freedom includes not only political rights but also social reforms, such as abolition and women's rights.

John Humphrey Noyes/Oneida

A religious leader who founded the Oneida Community, known for its complex marriage system and shared property.

Grimke sisters

Angelina and Sarah Grimké, early advocates for abolition and women's rights from a Southern slaveholding family.

Dorothea Dix

A social reformer who advocated for the mentally ill and improved conditions in asylums.

Thomas Galludet

An educator who advocated for the deaf and developed a more effective system of teaching the hearing impaired.

Dr. Samuel Howe

A reformer known for his work advocating for the blind and establishing schools for the visually impaired.

Horace Mann

An education reformer who promoted universal public education and improved school conditions.

Catharine Beecher

An education reformer who advocated for women's education and the role of women as educators.

Temperance

A social movement aimed at reducing or prohibiting alcohol consumption.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A leading figure in the women's rights movement, known for organizing the Seneca Falls Convention.

Sojourner Truth

An African American abolitionist and women's rights activist known for her speech 'Ain't I a Woman?'

Lucretia Mott

A women's rights activist and abolitionist who co-organized the Seneca Falls Convention.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention held in 1848, which produced the Declaration of Sentiments.

Declaration of Sentiments

A document signed at the Seneca Falls Convention outlining women's grievances and demands for equality.

Transcendentalism

A philosophical movement emphasizing nature, individual intuition, and self-reliance.

Self-realization

The realization of one's potential and true self, often emphasized in transcendentalist thought.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

A leading transcendentalist who emphasized individuality and the connection between humans and nature.

Henry David Thoreau

A transcendentalist writer known for his book 'Walden,' advocating for simple living and nature.

Walt Whitman

A poet known for his work 'Leaves of Grass,' celebrated for its themes of individuality and the American experience.

Margaret Fuller

A writer and women's rights advocate known for her work 'Woman in the Nineteenth Century.'

Nathaniel Hawthorne

An American novelist known for his exploration of morality and human nature in works like 'The Scarlet Letter.'

Herman Melville

An American novelist and poet best known for 'Moby-Dick,' exploring themes of obsession and humanity.

Hudson River School

A mid-19th century American art movement known for its landscape paintings reflecting the beauty of nature.

Thomas Cole

The founder of the Hudson River School, known for his romantic landscapes.

Connection between abolition and women’s rights

The intertwining of the abolitionist movement and the fight for women's rights, both advocating for equality and justice.

Feminism

The advocacy for women's rights and equality in social, political, and economic spheres.

Bloomer’s attire

A loose-fitting dress reform garment worn by women in the 1850s, symbolizing the women's rights movement.

Analogy of marriage and slavery

A comparison made to highlight the lack of rights and autonomy of married women similar to the conditions of enslaved individuals.

Self-ownership

The concept that individuals have the right to control their own bodies and lives, often discussed in the context of women's rights.

John J. Audubon

An ornithologist and painter known for his studies and illustrations of American birds.