Unit 2 Lesson 3

What is respiration?

The process of getting oxygen into our bodies and removing carbon dioxide.

What are the main functions of the respiratory system?

To provide oxygen for the body and to remove carbon dioxide from the body.

What are the main components of the respiratory system?

Mouth/Nose, Trachea, Bronchi/Bronchioles, Alveoli, Lungs.

What is the role of goblet cells in the respiratory system?

Goblet cells produce mucus that moistens and traps dust and debris in the air.

What occurs during inhalation in terms of diaphragm movement?

The diaphragm contracts and moves down.

What is the glottis?

The opening of the trachea.

How does the trachea maintain its structure?

Cartilaginous rings keep it open at all times and prevent it from collapsing.

What is the function of cilia in the respiratory tract?

Hair-like projections that sweep mucus towards the mouth and out of the lungs.

What are alveoli?

Clusters of tiny sacs with thin membranes at the end of bronchioles, surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange.

What is the equation that describes how gas moves in the lungs?

Gases move from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

What is the diaphragm's shape and role in ventilation?

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle responsible for changing the volume of the lungs.

What happens to the volume and pressure in the lungs during exhalation?

Volume decreases and pressure increases.

What gas is in high concentration in the blood approaching the alveoli?

Carbon dioxide.

What is hemoglobin?

An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen or carbon dioxide for gas transport.

How is oxygen mainly transported in the blood?

98.5% attaches to hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin.

What triggers an increase in breathing rate in response to low blood pH?

The brain detects drops in blood pH due to excess carbon dioxide.

What is aerobic cellular respiration?

A series of chemical reactions that occur in the cell, requiring oxygen and glucose to provide energy.

What happens to ATP when energy is released?

The phosphate group is removed, freeing energy for cellular work.

What are the features of alveoli that make them efficient for gas exchange?

Thin lining and expansion during inhalation for oxygen and shrinking during exhalation for carbon dioxide.

What is the purpose of breathing into a paper bag during hyperventilation?

To help reintroduce carbon dioxide into the blood when CO2 levels fall.

How does high altitude affect breathing?

It causes shorter breaths since the lungs have to work harder to deliver oxygen.

What could happen with low goblet cell production?

It can lead to chronic infections and a decrease in immunologic function.