The Progressive Movement and Rapid Industrialization

These flashcards cover key concepts, facts, individuals, and events related to the Progressive Movement and the rapid industrialization of the late 19th century.

What were the main aims of the Progressive Movement?

To tackle corruption, address poverty and social unrest, reform business practices, implement constitutional changes, and advocate for a federal income tax.

What was one key victory for women's suffrage during the Progressive Movement?

The 19th Amendment, granted nationwide voting rights to women in 1920.

Which amendment prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol and when was it?

The 18th Amendment, enacted in 1920.

Who were prominent leaders in the Progressive Movement?

Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.

What did the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 regulate?

It regulated the food and drug industries for consumer protection.

What was the objective of the National American Woman Suffrage Association founded in 1890?

To advocate for women's right to vote.

Which act aimed to combat monopolies in 1890?

The Sherman Antitrust Act.

What significant change did the 16th Amendment bring in 1913?

It established a federal income tax.

What was the impact of the Adamson Act?

It introduced the 8-hour workday for workers.

Which leader continued trust-busting efforts after Roosevelt?

William Taft.

What did immigrants do that contributed to poor labor conditions?

Low wages

What economic event was caused by railway speculation in 1873?

The Panic of 1873.

What did Theodore Roosevelt advocate for in terms of environmental policy and what’s an example?

Conservation efforts, including the Newlands Reclamation Act.

What did the 17th Amendment achieve?

It established the direct election of senators.

What major consequence arose from rapid urbanization growth in the late 19th century?

Urbanization leading to overcrowded housing and public health issues.

What advocacy did the Women's Christian Temperance Movement promote?

It advocated for abstinence from alcohol.

Who was instrumental in stabilizing markets during the Panic of 1907?

J.P. Morgan.

What was one method used to suppress labor strikes?

The use of troops by the government.

What did the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 strengthen?

It strengthened regulation against monopolies.

What was the purpose of the McKinley Tariff Act of 1890?

To raise import duties and protect domestic industries.

What limitations faced the Progressive Movement?

Supreme Court rulings, state-level resistance, decline in polices after 1920’s

Which industries monopolized during the industrial growth?

Oil (Rockefeller), steel(Carnegie), meatpacking(Swift), banking and railroads (Morgan).

What was a significant challenge to workers during the late 19th century?

Long hours, poor safety measures, and no job security.

What was the primary concern expressed by the Anti-Saloon League?

Advocating for prohibition of alcohol.

What did the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 aim to regulate?

It aimed to regulate the banking system.

What organization was Susan B. Anthony associated with?

The National American Woman Suffrage Association.

What significant change did the 18th Amendment introduce?

Prohibition of the manufacture and sale of alcohol.

What was a significant act introduced to protect workers under 16 years old?

The Federal Child Labor Act of 1916.

Which event led to widespread bank failures in 1893?

The Panic of 1893 caused by over-expansion and droughts.

What characterized the economic policies during the late 19th century?

A laissez-faire approach with minimal regulation.

What was one main consequence of industrialization on labor?

Cheap labor available for factories from immigrants.

How did overcrowded cities contribute to public health issues?

Poor sanitation led to outbreaks like cholera.

Who played a key role in the growth of the steel industry?

Andrew Carnegie.

What was the main goal of the temperance movement?

To promote abstinence from alcohol.

What did the Elkins Act focus on regulating?

Railroad industry practices.

What was a result of the Panic of 1907?

Bankruptcies and significant job losses.

What did the term 'robber barons' refer to during the Progressive Movement?

Wealthy and powerful industrialists accused of corrupt practices.

What role did technological innovations play in industrial growth?

They provided advancements that spurred production and efficiency.

Who was known for creating the first successful telephone?

Alexander Graham Bell.

Why was there state-level resistance to federal initiatives during the Progressive Era?

States often opposed federal reforms and regulations.

What was one method of political corruption in cities during the rapid industrialization period?

The 'boss system' exemplified by figures like Boss Tweed.

How did weak trade unions face resistance from?

Weak trade unions faced resistance from employers and government.

Why did farmers oppose high tariffs during this period?

High tariffs increased costs for farmers while benefiting industrialists.

What does urbanization often lead to in growing cities?

Overcrowded tenement housing and associated social challenges.

What impact did the Sherman Antitrust Act have initially?

It was aimed to combat monopolies but was weakly enforced.

What was a major economic issue faced by communities after the Panic of 1873?

Business bankruptcies and wage cuts contributed to economic instability.

What was the effects of the Civil War?

Stimulated economic production

What raw materials did they have access to?

Coal, iron, cotton, etc., supported in industrial output

What approach did government support use?

Laissez-faire approach

Who were key inventors and what did they invent?

Andrew Carnegie(steel production), Thomas Edison (electricity) and Alexander Graham Bell(telephone)

What was another group that opposed trade policies and protectionism?

Democrats and farmers (William Gorman Bill 1894)

What did immigrants seek?

Political freedom and economic opportunity

An influx of immigrants came from where?

Southern and eastern Europe

What did the panic of 1873 lead to?

Business bankruptcies, wage cuts, and unemployment

What was the panic of 1893 caused by?

Over expansion of railroads, droughts, and European economic issues

What was the result of the panic of 1893?

JP Morgan intervened to stabilize markets

What was the result of the panic of 1907?

Collapse of Knickerbocker Trust, bankruptcies, and job losses

Who led key strikes and what were they?

American Federation of Labor- 1877 Railroad Strike and Homestead Strike (1892)

What were the goals of regulating corporations?

Recognition of trade unions, limits on working hours, workplace injury, compensation, regulation of banks, and consumer protection

Give an example of a Theodore Roosevelt trust-busting action?

Northern Securities Case