advanced pharmacology (march 28 notes part 1)

xanthine derivative contradictions

PUD, seizure D/O, uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmias, hyperthyroidism

xanthine derivative drugs

Theophylline (Theo-Dur) and aminophylline (Truphylline)

Theophylline (Theo-Dur) drug class

xanthine derivative

theophylline (theo-dur) therapeutic level

10-20 mcg/mL

aminophylline (truphylline) drug class

xanthine derivative

aminophylline (truphylline) is a

prodrug

aminophylline metabolizes into

theophylline

aminophylline route

IV

antileukotrienes

leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs)

antileukotriene MOA

blocks leukotrienes from attaching to receptors on circulating cells and in lungs

antileukotriene effects

decreases inflammation, edema, and mucus

antileukotriene uses

asthma, allergic rhinitis

antileukotriene examples

montelukast (Singulair), zafirlukast (Accolate), zileuton (Zyflo)

montelukast (singulair) drug class

antileukotriene

montelukast SE

HA, N/D

montelukast dosing

daily

approved for pediatric patients > 1-year

montelukast

zafirlukast (accolate) drug class

antileukotriene

zafirlukast SE

HA, N/D

zileuton (zyflo) drug class

antileukotriene

zileuton SE

HA, nausea, dizziness, insomnia

corticosteroids

anti-inflammatory

corticosteroids MOA

stabilizes cell membranes and increases responsiveness to Beta 2 agonists

corticosteroids indication (inhaled)

bronchospastic disorders/persistent asthma

corticosteroids indications (PO/IV)

acute exacerbations of severe asthma and COPD

inhaled corticosteroids SE

pharyngeal irritation, cough, dry mouth, oral fungal infections

PO/IV corticosteroids SE

increased susceptibility to infection, CNS changes, fluid/electrolyte imbalances

corticosteroid contraindications

systemic fungal infection, compromised immune system

PO corticosteroid teaching

rinse mouth

oral corticosteroid

prednisone

inhaled corticosteroid

triamcinolone (Azmacort)

intranasal cortcosteroid

fluticasone (flonase)

IV corticosteroid

methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol)

antilipemic drug use

hyperlipidemia

HMG-CoA reductase

enzyme in liver to produce cholesterol

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (statins) MOA

inhibits HMG-CoA reductase and lower rate of cholesterol production

most effective/potent/common antilipemic

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor SE

abdominal pain, rash, HA, myopathy, elevated liver enzymes/disease

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor contraindications

liver disease, pregnancy

statins are dose

dependent

when are statins given

bedtime

statin examples

simvistatin, atorvistatin