chapter 1/2 study guide

what are some things to do before staring a lab

set it up/hyphothesis

what are some things to do after the lab

clean up/write conclusions

what are some things to do during the lab

observate

put the scientific methods in order and explain what they mean

observation-noticing/describing process. question-observation leads with this. inference-logical interpretation. hypothesis-scientist explanation that support/rejects. expirement-keep track of varibles.

what are the two types of variables? what are the examples?

independents- change. dependent-stays not stable

what is the difference between a control and a variable

study of life

what is biology

marine biology

list/describe a few things you could do as a biologists

living things made of cells/reproduce. living things based on universal genetic code/respond to environment. obtain/use material energy stable environment. grow/develop-change overtime

what are the eight characteristics of life

living things are made of cells/reproduce

living things are bases on universal genetic code-respond to environment

obtain/use material/energy-stable environment

grow/develop-change over time

what are atoms

basic unit of matter

what are they made up of/what are their charges

proton, neutrons, electrons. these are subatomic particles

what particles are found in the nucleus? what is the overall charge of the nucleus

proton-positive

neutron-neutron

electron-negative

what are elements

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

how are isotopes different from normal elements

atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain

what are the two types of chemical bonds. describe each

ionic-1/more electrons transferred from one atom to another

covalent-when electrons are shared between 2 atoms

what are compounds

formed by the chemical combination of 2/more elements in define proportions

what are four examples of compounds

h20

naci

sodium

chlorine

what are van der walls forces

when molecules get close a slight attraction develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules

name and describe an example of where they are used

geckos-climbing on surfaces (there feet)

what is activation energy

energy that is needed to get reactions started

what is an enzyme? how does it affect chemical reactions

proteins that act as biological catalysts

what factors can affect enzyme activity

temp< pH, regulatory molecules

name and describe the two types of mixtures

solute- substance dissolved (salt)

solvent- substance where solute dissolves (water)

define what acids are

any compound that forms H+ ions in solutions

define bases

any compound that produces hydroxide (OH-) ions in solution

name/describe the four categories of macromolecules

carbohydrates-main source of living things, compounds 1:2:1

lipids-biological molecules not soluble in water, carbon/hydrogen atoms

nucleic acids-hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen/carbon/phoprous, transmit genetic info

protein-into/carbon/hydrogen/oxygen/form cell structures/transpire substance

glucose lactose and sucrose are what carbohydrate

simple sugars

carbohydrates are an energy source but what other uses do they have

structural purposes

true/false all steroids are bad

false

explain why

our body makes natural steroids

proteins are made up of

nucleic acids

what are two types of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

phospholipids make up the

cell emebranes