ANAPHY LAB: Lymphatic System

Capsule

1

Trabecula

2

Medulla

3

Medullary cord

4

Medullary sinus

5

Efferent lymphatic vessel carrying lymph away from the lymph node

6

Artery

7

Vein

8

Afferent lymphatic vessel carrying lymph to the lymph node

9

Cortex

10

Germinal center

11

Lymphatic nodule

12

Cortical sinus

13

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

14

Subcapsular sinus

15

Lymph

1

Valve open (lymph flows forward)

2

Overlapping endothelial cells

3

Direction of lymph flow in capillary

4

Fluid entering lymphatic capillary

5

Valve closed (backflow of lymph is prevented)

6

Hilum

1

Splenic vein

2

Splenic artery

3

Renal surface

4

Gastric surface

5

Trachea

1

Lymph Nodes

2

Thymus

3

Adipose Tissue

4

Heart

5

Pharyngeal Tonsil

1

Palatine Tonsil

2

Lingual Tonsil

3

Bacteria enter the tissue

1. What triggers the inflammatory response

Tissue damage occurs

2. What does number 1 do?

Chemical Mediators are released

3. What is released in response to number 2?

Increased vascular permiability
Increased bloodflow

Chemotaxis

4. What is triggered from the release of number 3?

Increased numbers of WBC and chemical mediators at the site of tissue damage

5. What happens at the site of tissue damage?

Bacteria are contained, destroyed, and phagocytized

6. What does the event in number 5 lead to?

Bacteria Remain

7. If the immune response is not strong enough what happens? (Scroll down)

Additional chemical mediators are activated

8. What is the immune response to number 7?

Bacteria are gone

9. When immune response is sufficient what happens to the bacteria?

Tissue Repair

10. What then happens after number 9?

Celluar Immunity: Immunity is mediated by T cells that attack infected or abnormal cells directly

Humoral Immunity: Immunity is mediated by B cells and antibodies that target pathogens in body fluids

Difference Between Celluar Immunity and Humoral Immunity’s Definition?

Celluar Immunity: T-lymphocytes (T-cells), Helper T-cells (CD4), Cytotoxic T-cells (CD8)

Humoral Immunity: B-lymphocytes (B-cells), Plasma cells, memory B cells

Difference Between Celluar Immunity and Humoral Immunity’s Primary Cells?

Celluar Immunity: T cells recognize antigens presented by abnormal/infected cells via MHC molecules

Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cells
Helper T cells stimulate other immune cells

Humoral Immunity: B cells cells recognize antigens and differentiate into plasma cells, producing antibodies

The antibodies bind to the antigens and mark them for destruction buy the immune system

Difference Between Celluar Immunity and Humoral Immunity’s Mechanism of Action?

Celluar Immunity: Intracelluar pathogens such as bacteria and virsuses.
-Cancer cells

-Transplanted tissue

Humoral Immunity: Extracelluar pathogens

-bacteria, toxins, and viruses before entering cells

Difference Between Celluar Immunity and Humoral Immunity’s Target?

Celluar Immunity: T-cells do not produce antibodies

Humoral Immunity: Plasma cells produce antibodies

Difference Between Celluar Immunity and Humoral Immunity’s Antibody Production?

Celluar Immunity: Memory T-cells provide faster responses to the same pathogens

Humoral Immunity: Memory B-cells provide quicker antibody production from the same pathogen

Difference Between Celluar Immunity and Humoral Immunity’s Memory Function?

Celluar Immunity:
Cytokines are the signal molecules of T-cells

Major Histocompatability Complex- antigen presentation to T-cells

Humoral Immunity:
Immunoglobins (Antibodies) - Neutralize pathogens and facilitate their clearance

Difference Between Celluar Immunity and Humoral Immunity’s Key Molecules?

Celluar Immunity: Slower initial response, needs to be activated and T-cells must proliferate

Humoral Immunity: Faster initial response, antibodies already ciruclate because of plasma cells

Difference Between Celluar Immunity and Humoral Immunity’s Response Time?

IgG

1. Antibody name (Look at the black lines to differentiate)

Provides long-term immunity after infection or vaccination

Neutralizes toxins or viruses

Activates the complementary system

Facilitates opsonization (marking pathogens for phagocytosis)

1. Antibody function

IgM

2. Antibody name

Primary responder in the early stages of infection

Excellent at Agglutination (clumping of pathogens)

Activates the complementary sytem

2. Antibody function

IgA

3. Antibody name

Protects mucousal surfaces

Provides passive immunity via breast milk

3. Antibody function

IgE

4. Antibody name

Triggers allergic responses by binding to allergens and activating mast cells and basophils, releasing histamine

4. Antibody function

IgD

5. Antibody name

Plays a role in the activation and regulation of B cells

Function is less understood compared to other antibodies

5. Antibody funtion