The Living Body Pre-Assessment

The Pre-Assessment for the The Living Body, the seventh unit in the course Introduction to Biology for Veterinary Technicians at Penn Foster College

_______ is the process of chewing food by mouth and is the first step in ingestion.

Mastication

Which term describes animals that give birth to live offspring?

Viviparous

What type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements?

Skeletal muscle

What's the purpose of lymph nodes?

Lymph nodes filter the lymph, removing microorganisms and other foreign material from the fluid.

Which component of blood helps blood clot to stop bleeding at wounds?

Platelets

A bird's lungs don't contain alveoli. Instead, they have air sacs to maintain a constant air flow and gas exchange occurs across a network of

bronchioles and blood vessels.

The cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata are in the ______, which was an important part of the early vertebrate brain.

hindbrain

What's the structure within a nephron where blood is in close contact with the renal tubules?

Glomerulus

_______ are a type of cell in connective tissue that produce collagen and add strength and durability.

Fibroblasts

The tough connective tissues that connect bones to bones or hold different bones in a joint together are

ligaments.

Several cell types are involved in bone remodeling. What's the cell type that actively builds new bone tissue before becoming trapped inside the bone?

Osteoblasts

Which type of cell is involved in the cell-mediated immune response?

T cells

Feathers initially evolved on dinosaurs for thermoregulation and were later used for display and for birds to fly. Tetrapods evolved four limbs to live in water, and they were later used for life on land. These examples are illustrations of what term that describes a shift in the function of a trait?

Exaptation

When a neuron isn't doing anything, its membrane has _______. At this time, there's a concentrated amount of positively charged sodium outside the neuron and a smaller amount of negatively charged potassium inside the neuron.

resting potential.

Blood contains cells, cell fragments, and a yellow-colored fluid called

plasma.

Jellyfish have two layers of musculoepithelial cells surrounding the gelatinous mesoglea that can exert force on the mesoglea to move the animal. What type of skeleton do jellyfish have?

Hydrostatic skeleton

Food particles are ingested through vacuoles and broken down in lysosomes in what type of digestion?

Extracellular digestion

Sensory Neurons

Carry impulses or messages from organs to the spinal cord and brain

Motor Neurons

Carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles, skin, and glands

Interneurons

Connect sensory and motor neurons within the brain and spinal cord

Order the flow of blood through the four chambers of the heart and to the lungs, beginning with deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from systemic circulation.

1. Blood enters the right atrium, where it's pumped to the right ventricle.

2. The right ventricle pumps this deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where it's oxygenated.

3. Blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary vein and enters the left atrium, where it's pumped to the left ventricle.

4. The left ventricle pumps blood through the aorta to the rest of the body.

Fibrous Joints

Allowing very little to no movement

Cartilaginous Joints

Allows for a small amount of movement; intermediate between the other two types of joints

Synovial Joints

Allow the most movement