Here’S A Summary Highlighting The Key Points: ### Pre-Colonial Period: - **Literary Forms**: Focus On The **Great Hero And Supernatural** Themes. Includes **Stories Of Gods And Goddesses**, **Riddles (Bugtong)**, **Proverbs**, **Folktales**, **Folksongs**, **Epics**, **Legends**, And **Myths**. ### Spanish Period (1565-1898): - **Colonization Began In 1565** Under Miguel Lopez De Legazpi. - **Spanish Language** Became The Main Literary Language; Catholicism Replaced Existing Traditions. - First Book Printed: **Doctrina Christiana** By Fr. Juan De Palencia (Tagalog) And Fr. Domingo Nieva (Spanish). - **Spanish Influences**: Religious Works Like *Ang Barlaan At Josaphat*, *Pasiong Mahal*, And Theatrical Forms Like **Sinakulo**, **Zarzuela**, And **Balagtasan**. - **Popular Writers**: - **Jose Rizal** (*Noli Me Tangere*, *El Filibusterismo*). - **Emilio Jacinto** (Wrote Political Works In Native Language). - **Andres Bonifacio** (*Ang Pag-Ibig Sa Tinubuang Lupa*). - **Common Literary Forms**: Until The 19th Century, The Religious Orders Controlled Printing Presses. The **Propaganda Movement** Emerged As A Reform Group. ### American Period (1898-1946): - **Free Public Education** Was Introduced, With English As The Medium Of Instruction. - Philippine Literature Became **Imitative Of American Models**. - **Key Writers**: - **Paz Marquez Benitez** (*Dead Stars*). - **Manuel E. Arguilla**, **Francisco Arcellana**, **N.V.M. Gonzalez**, **Jose Garcia Villa**. ### Japanese Period (1941-1945): - **Philippine Literature Development Was Halted**. There Was No Freedom Of Speech Or Press, And **English Newspapers Were Banned**. - Writers Began Using **Filipino**, And The Themes Focused On **Nationalism, Country, And Life In The Barrios**. - **Notable Writers**: **Salvador Lopez**, **Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero**, **Carlos Bulosan**, **Nick Joaquin**, And Others. ### Republic Period (1946-1985): - **Post-War Literature** Was Dominated By **Writers Educated In The Us Or England**. - Filipino Writers Were Exposed To **Western Trends** Through Programs Like The **Fulbright Program**. - **Notable Writers**: **N.V.M. Gonzales**, **Edilberto K. Tiempo**, **Nick Joaquin**, **Bienvenido Santos**. - **Literary Pieces**: *Without Seeing The Dawn* By **Stevan Javellana**, *Luha Ng Buwaya* By **Amado V. Hernandez**, *May Day Eve* By **Nick Joaquin**. ### Contemporary Period (1986-Present): - This Era Saw **Activism And Literary Revolution**. Writers Addressed Issues Like **Martial Law And Repression**. - **Youth Rebellion** And Mass Revolution Were Common Themes. **Oral Literature** Thrived Among Ethnic Communities. - The **Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards** Continue To Honor Literary Excellence Since 1950. This Note Outlines The Significant Literary Developments And Figures Across Different Periods In Philippine History.

Pre-Colonial Period

The era before Spanish colonization characterized by themes of heroes and supernatural elements in literature.

Literary Forms

Various forms of literature including gods and goddesses, riddles, proverbs, folktales, folksongs, epics, legends, and myths.

Spanish Period

The time from 1565 to 1898 when the Philippines was colonized by Spain, starting with Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.

Primary Literary Language

Spanish became the main language for literature during the Spanish colonization.

Doctrina Christiana

The first printed book in the Philippines, authored by Fr. Juan de Palencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva.

Religious Works

Notable literary works during the Spanish period included Ang Barlaan at Josaphat and Pasiong Mahal.

Theatrical Forms

Popular forms of theater included Sinakulo, Zarzuela, and Balagtasan during the Spanish period.

Jose Rizal

A prominent writer known for his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

Emilio Jacinto

A writer who produced political works in the native language during the Spanish period.

Andres Bonifacio

Known for his work Ang Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, contributing to Philippine literature.

Propaganda Movement

A movement that emerged in the 19th century advocating for reforms and national identity through literature.

American Period

The era from 1898 to 1946 marked by the introduction of free public education and English as the medium of instruction.

Imitative Literature

Philippine literature during the American period was heavily influenced by American literary models.

Key Writers

Notable writers from the American period included Paz Marquez Benitez, Manuel E. Arguilla, Francisco Arcellana, N.V.M. Gonzalez, and Jose Garcia Villa.

Japanese Period

The time from 1941 to 1945 when literary development was restricted due to censorship and lack of freedom of speech.

Language Shift

During the Japanese period, writers began to use Filipino and focused on themes of nationalism and life in the barrios.

Notable Writers

Prominent writers during the Japanese period included Salvador Lopez, Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero, Carlos Bulosan, and Nick Joaquin.