Unit 4 World History

New France

French colony focused on fur trade, not settlement.

Jamestown

First permanent English colony, established in 1607.

Tobacco cultivation

Key to Jamestown's eventual economic success.

Plymouth Colony

Founded by Pilgrims in 1620 for religious freedom.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Expanded from Plymouth, founded by Puritans.

New Netherland

Dutch colony, major fur trade hub, later New York.

French and Indian War

1754-1763 conflict between French and British forces.

Seven Years' War

Global conflict including the French and Indian War.

Metacom's War

1675-1678 conflict between settlers and Native Americans.

King Philip

Metacom's nickname, led Native American uprising.

Impact of Disease

European diseases decimated Native American populations.

Enslaved Africans

Increased labor demand due to Native American decline.

Quebec

Capital of New France, significant settlement area.

Thirty Years' War

Conflict from 1618 to 1648 involving multiple European powers.

King Gustavus Adolphus

Swedish leader known as the 'Lion from the North'.

Louis XIII

French king who supported Protestants against the Holy Roman Empire.

Ferdinand II

Holy Roman Emperor aiming to re-Catholicize the empire.

Ferdinand III

Successor of Ferdinand II who negotiated peace.

Albrecht Wallenstein

Catholic commander who led mercenary armies for the Empire.

Frederick V

Leader of the Protestant Union in the war's first phase.

Christian IV of Denmark

Protestant king defeated during the Danish Phase.

Defenestration of Prague

1618 event that ignited the Thirty Years' War.

Battle of White Mountain

1620 battle where Ferdinand II defeated Frederick V.

Battle of Breitenfeld

1631 victory for Protestants led by Gustavus Adolphus.

Battle of Lutzen

1632 battle where Protestants won despite Gustavus' death.

Bohemian Phase

1618-1625 phase marked by Catholic-Protestant civil war.

Danish Phase

1625-1629 phase where Christian IV was defeated.

Swedish Phase

1630-1635 phase with major Protestant victories.

French Phase

1635-1648 phase where France supported Protestants politically.

Peace of Westphalia

1648 treaty ending the Thirty Years' War.

Casualties and Destruction

⅖ rural and ⅓ urban populations died due to war.

Power Shift

France emerged as Europe's dominant power post-war.

Holy Roman Empire

Weakened significantly after the Thirty Years' War.