Diverse places

Which map displays differences in data by colour?

Choropleth map

Which map displays data via dots?

Dot density map

Give two disadvantages of a choropleth map

Data is averaged, anomalies lost + abrupt change at boundaries

Give a disadvantage of a dot density map

Time consuming

What term describes recent migration trends within the UK?

North to South drift

Deindustrialisation in which area of England has seen a decrease in population density?

The North

Which diagram shows differences in population density from urban areas to the suburbs

Rural urban continuum

Why is the inner city the most densely populated?

Close proximity to CBD, yet residents are not outpaced by commercial buildings

Why is there a decrease in population density along the rural-urban fringe?

Greenbelts are common

What is population structure?

Age and gender composition

What is the age range of economically active people?

16-64

What is natural change?

Balance between births and deaths

What is net migration?

Balance between emigration and immigration

Variations in fertility and mortality are explained by development, shown on which model?

Demographic transition model

What is replacement rate?

The rate at which a population can exactly replace itself from one generation to the next

What is the world’s average crude birth rate? (Amount of live births per 1000 of a population)

19

What is the world’s average life expectancy?

71

When was the UK baby boom? (Bulge on population pyramid)

1945-50

When was the emancipation of women in the UK? > decreased CBR

1970s-90s

When did net migration overtake natural increase as the main driver of growth in the UK?

1998

When did the A8 countries join the EU? > free movement e.g. into the UK

2004

When was the UK points system introduced for migration?

2010

When was Brexit? > end of free movement in 2020

2016

What are population characteristics? (quantifiable)

Age, ethnicity, religion, wealth, occupation etc

What percentage of Truro identifies as white vs Toronto?

94%, 43%

What percentage of Truro has English as their first language vs Toronto?

98%, 51%

What percentage of Truro is retired vs Toronto?

24%, 14%

What percentage of Truro’s population has a HE degree vs Toronto?

24%, 37%

What percentage of Toronto’s population is foreign born?

51%

In Toronto, there are over _ spoken dialects/ languages

140

When was the Canadian migration points system introduced?

1967

When was there a large influx of educated Hong Kong migrants into Toronto following the common wealth connection?

1990s

Today, Canada continues to advertise immigration, why?

Tackle ageing population, balance dependancy ratio

What is the population of Truro vs Toronto?

21,000, 2.6mil

Give two external causes of social segregation

White flight, discrimination in the job market

Give three internal causes of social clustering

Common places of worship, food and sense of belonging

Quantitative (numbers) data is recorded in the _

census

Give an advantage and a disadvantage of the UK’s census

Updated every 10 years, but does not consider homeless, illegal migrants etc

Give advantages and disadvantages of social media as a way of investigating sense of place

Large sample size, increasingly being used, but not accessible to all, biased

Are paintings typically good sources of investigating sense of place, why?

No, bias on behalf of the artist > not reflective of the whole population

Measuring sense of place through literature may involve what?

Word frequency diagram

During the 19th century, Cornwall’s _ mines produced tin and copper > fuelled industrial rev, employing what percentage of men?

2000, 30%

Truro was Cornwall’s main _ town, where tin and ingots were processed

stannary

Georgian arcitechture is common in Truro, e.g…

Coinage hall

Give an example of a Cornish heritage event inspired by mining

The man engine

When did south crofts close due to cheaper foreign competition?

1998

At the end of the 19th century, how many Cornish people emigrated?

250,000

Today, Truro is a… (retail= main function)

post-industrial city

TNCs have arguably turned Truro into a _ town (e.g. Coinage hall has become pizza express, homogenised)

clone

What is the migrant population of west Cornwall? (following A8 countries joining EU)

4000

What do international migrants get paid per hour for doing farm labour in Cornwall?

£5.57

(Changing perceptions) What was London’s LE during the Victorian era?

37

(Changing perceptions) During the 19th century, London’s population went from 1mil to…

6mil

(Changing perceptions) Give three qualities of Victorian London

poor health, vagrancy, slums

Why are people attracted to London today?

Vibrant lifestyle, ethnic, job opportunities

People at different stages within the _ _ _ perceive places differently (e.g. families vs individuals)

household life cycle

Populations of rural areas are increasing due to counter urbanisation, driven by the concept of the _ _

rural idyll

_% of over 55s wish to retire rurally

60%

How many people per year counter urbanise within the UK?

100,000

How long is Cornwall’s coastline? How many areas of natural beauty are there?

700km, 12

Cornwall has the UK’s _ lowest crime rate

third

Tourism is now the largest economic sector in Cornwall, employing _ in _ people (seasonal)

1 in 4

Cornish wages are £_ lower than that of the national average

10k

Due to the perception of the rural idyll, _ in _ houses in Kingsand (Cornwall) are second homes > empty ‘ghost’ villages during winter

1 in 3

House prices in Kingsand (CW) have increased from £_ to £_

£185,000 to £500,000

House prices are _x the average wage in Cornwall14

14

What is the dominant internal migration trend in the UK?

Counter-urbanisation

Housing unaffordability, poor services and low aspirations contribute to deprivation in CW > how many neighbourhoods are in the top 10% most deprived?

17

Cornwall’s population is _

ageing

When did Lanreath’s primary school close down? How many pupils did it have?

2007, 12

How many pubs were closed in Lanreath due to rise in online shopping and low population density?

3

Give advantages of a satisfaction of life survey (for perceptions)

Range of influencing factors, companies publish data so it is comparable

Give disadvantages of a satisfaction of life survey

Social desirability bias, questionnaire ‘fatigue’ if too long

Give advantages of crime (statistical) data

Shows how far crime rates correlate with house prices

How can house prices reflect perceptions of place?

Higher prices in more desirable areas

What survey shows people’s opinions of their environment?

Environmental Quality Survey

What qualitatitve data techniques can be used to investigate perceptions?

Films/tv, Art/literature, news

When did the UK gov allow free entry due to the need for post-war workers? (Common wealth, wind rush etc)

1950/60s

The UK’s 2010 points system encouraged immigration of educated migrants, encouraged the _ _ > knowledge economy in London

brain drain

Give examples of tensions in Peterborough caused by migration

Xenophobia, fly tipping, HMOs, remittances, segregation

How many migrants from the EU are in Peterborough?

24,000

How many new patients have asked to register to new general practices in Peterborough (strain on services)?

1000

What percentage of Peterborough’s residents do not speak English?

10%

_% of all migrants into the UK move to the south east, what percentage of these move to London?

50%, 37%

What percentage of migrants in the UK are economically active?

87%

In 2001, _% of the UK identified as white British, vs _% in 2011

91%, 87%

What percentage of the UK is female? (gender balance)

50%

In west Cornwall how many seasonal workers are there?

2500

In the UK, how many internal migrations are there per year? > London is experiencing a negative net migration, give the value of this

2.8mil, -55,000

Give the term for when a group of immigrants are indoctrinated into adopting the traits of the existing population?

assimilation

In Toronto, what is the name of a Chinese restaurant with bilingual signs?

Dumpling house

Give a religious building in Toronto

Buddhist temple

Give an example of a cultural pagoda that exists as part of Toronto’s streetscape

Red Dragon Pagoda

In Chinatown Toronto, what percentage of the population speaks English as their first language?

44%

Along Toronto’s waterfront, what percentage speaks English as their first language?

69%

What is the average income of a chinatown resident vs a waterfront one?

$49,000, $75,000

During which century did Toronto become industrialised? > dockyards for shipping and coal storage

19th

During the 1900-1920s, which part of Toronto was infiltrated as they could no longer keep up with the booming industry?

Lake Ontario

The global shift saw deindustrialisation in Toronto when?

1970-80s

The impacts of deindustrialisation e.g. brownfield sites, poor health, low income, is known as what?

multiple deprivation