Psych Chapter 12

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30 Terms

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Emotion

A response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience resulting from one's interpretations.

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James-Lange Theory

The theory that our experience of emotions occurs when we become aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus.

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Cannon-Bard Theory

The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion.

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Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory

To experience emotion, one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal.

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Zajonc, LeDoux, and Lazarus

The brain's pathways for emotion, including the high road (sensory input routed to the cortex for analysis) and the low road (sensory input routed directly to the amygdala for an instant emotional reaction).

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Embodied Emotion

The connection between emotions and the autonomic nervous system, which mobilizes the body for action in times of crisis.

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Facial Feedback Effect

The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings, such as fear, anger, or happiness.

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Positive Psychology

The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goal of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive.

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Stress

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.

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Coping

Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods.

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Personal Control

Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless.

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Social Support

The importance of having genuine caring relationships to combat social isolation and improve well-being.

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Social support

The presence of close relationships that provide emotional and practical assistance, which can enhance immune functioning.

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Open heart therapy

The act of confiding in others within close relationships, which can provide a therapeutic effect.

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Aerobic exercise

Sustained physical activity that improves heart and lung fitness, reduces stress, depression, and anxiety.

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Relaxation and meditation

Practices such as mindful meditation that involve attending to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner.

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Mindfulness

A state of reflective awareness that strengthens connections among brain regions and calms brain activation in emotional situations.

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Faith communities and health

Belonging to a religious community can provide social support and promote healthy behaviors.

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Positive emotions

Emotions such as happiness, joy, and excitement that contribute to overall well-being.

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Core affect

The basic dimensions of emotion, including valence (positive to negative) and arousal (activation to deactivation).

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Theories of emotion

Different perspectives on the relationship between physiological arousal, cognitive appraisal, and emotional feelings.

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Neural systems

Brain structures such as the insula, hippocampus, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex that are involved in processing and experiencing emotions.

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Neural pathways

Different routes of information processing in the brain that contribute to the experience of emotions.

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Neural correlates of basic emotion

Patterns of brain activation observed through fMRI that distinguish different emotions.

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Influencing emotion

Factors such as perception, attention, physiology, feelings, behavior, and regulation that can impact emotional experiences.

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Display rules

Cultural norms and expectations regarding how and when to express emotions.

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Gender and expressiveness

Differences in emotional expression and perception between men and women.

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Nonverbal expression

Communication of emotions through facial expressions, gestures, postures, and other nonverbal cues.

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Nonverbal leakage

Unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior.

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Body language and gestures

Nonverbal cues such as posture, illustrators, manipulators, and emblems that convey emotions.