exam 2- forensic

ch6-7, 9-11, 14, 17

uniqueness

a fingerprint is an individual characteristic

• ridge characteristics

persistence

A fingerprint will remain unchanged during an individual's lifetime

• epidermis and dermis

systematically classified

Fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be

• loops, arches, and whorls

primary or henry classification 

Even fingers on top and odd on bottom, then one is added to both top and bottom  

AFIS

Ability of a computer to scan and digitally encode fingerprints so that they can be subject to high-speed computer processing  

visible, patent

_ or _ prints are made when fingers touch a surface after the ridges have been in contact with a colored material such as blood, paint, grease, or ink  

plastic

_ prints are ridge impressions left on a soft material, such as putty, was, soap, or dust  

latent

• Once a finger touches a surface, body perspiration and/or oils present on the finger ridges are transferred to that surface, leaving an impression  

• Prints deposited in this manner are invisible to the eye and are commonly referred to as _ or invisible fingerprints  

fingerprint

_ biometrics is the unique patterns on fingers

iris/retina 

_ biometrics is distinct patterns in the eye 

facial recognition

_ biometrics measures facial features and structure

hand scans

_ biometrics size and shape of the hand

DNA

_ biometrics is the genetic makeup to each individual 

voice recognition

_ biometrics identifies individuals by vocal tone and speech patterns.

gait recognition

_ biometrics is the pattern someone walks

keystroke recognition 

_ biometrics measures typing rhythm and speed.

less than 1 inch

a star shaped (stellate) tear pattern around bullet hole entrance surrounded by vaporous lead is present  

12-18 , less than 18

A halo of vaporous lead (smoke) deposited around a bullet hole is normally indicative of a discharge of _ inches or _ inches

25

Presence of scattered specks of powder grains without any soot is observed up to _ inches 

3 feet

Weapon fired more than _ from a surface/individual will not deposit powder residues, only visual is a dark ring around the hole known as a bullet wipe