Microscopic Examination of Urine

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These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the microscopic examination of urine, including various tests and their significance, the examination techniques, and the characteristics of different urine constituents.

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17 Terms

1
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What is the significance of color in urine examination?

Color can indicate the presence of blood and help to differentiate between hematuria, hemoglobinuria, and myoglobinuria.

2
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What is the recommended specimen volume for urinalysis?

10 to 15 mL is an adequate volume to obtain a representative sample.

3
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What is the preferred centrifugation speed for urine sediment preparation?

5 minutes at a relative centrifugal force (RCF) of 400.

4
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What is the minimum amount of sediment that should remain in the tube after decantation?

0.5 to 1.0 mL of sediment.

5
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What effect does hypotonic urine have on neutrophils?

Neutrophils absorb water and swell, producing a sparkling appearance known as 'glitter cells'.

6
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What are the predominant white blood cells found in urine sediment?

Neutrophils are predominant in urine sediment.

7
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What are renal tubular epithelial cells indicative of?

They are indicative of necrosis of the renal tubules.

8
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What type of cells line the entire urethra in females?

Squamous epithelial cells.

9
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What appearance do RBCs have when present in urine?

Smooth, non-nucleated, biconcave disks.

10
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What are the conditions under which bacteria may be considered significant for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Bacteria should be accompanied by white blood cells (WBCs) to be significant for a UTI.

11
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What is the appearance of hyaline casts?

Hyaline casts are translucent and consist almost entirely of uromodulin.

12
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What is the primary function of mucus in urine sediment?

Mucus acts as a protective substance produced by the glands and epithelial cells of the lower genitourinary tract.

13
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What crystals are associated with inherited cystinuria?

Cystine crystals are associated with inherited cystinuria.

14
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What characterizes triple phosphate crystals?

They are colorless and have a characteristic 'coffin lid' appearance.

15
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What is the appearance of tyrosine crystals?

Tyrosine crystals are colorless-yellow and appear as needles.

16
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What should be taken into consideration when identifying urine artifacts?

Artifacts may resemble true sediment constituents and are often highly refractile.

17
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What stains or signs indicate the presence of cholesterol crystals in urine?

Cholesterol crystals appear as notched plates.