Insoluble Oxalate Toxicity in Small Animals

Flashcards covering the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of insoluble oxalate (Araceae family) toxicity in small animals.

Araceae family

A family of plants containing insoluble oxalates that act as oral irritants and can cause respiratory distress in rare cases.

Calcium oxalate crystals

Sharp structures contained in plants that are released when the plant is chewed, causing immediate pain and irritation.

Clinical signs of insoluble oxalate ingestion

Immediate onset of hypersalivation, oral pain, anorexia, vomiting, and edema of the lip and tongue.

Dyspnea (Insoluble oxalates)

A rare progression of toxicity characterized by respiratory distress due to upper airway swelling.

Diagnosis of insoluble oxalate toxicity

Identification based only on clinical signs and plant identification, as there are no consistent labwork changes.

Mild case home treatment

Rinsing the mouth and offering tempting liquids such as tuna, milk, yogurt, or broth.

Milk products (Toxicity mechanism)

Used in treatment to reduce ongoing irritation by binding with and removing calcium oxalate crystals.

Severe case medical treatment

Administration of fluids to replace losses, along with antiemetics and analgesics.

Respiratory distress management

The use of oxygen therapy and securing the airway.

ASPCA Poison Control prevalence

Insoluble oxalates from the Araceae family are the most common small animal (SA) plant toxin reported to this organization.

Prognosis for insoluble oxalate ingestion

Good to excellent, with many cases resolving without treatment.