BB 5: Other Blood Groups (IgG)

all Kell antigens on glycoproteins are integral to the ____ membrane.

RBC

____ glycoprotein antigens have a highly folded disulfide bonded region.

Kell

Kell antigens are sensitive to treatment with sulfhydral agents which reduce di-sulfide bonds. list 3 example agents.

2-ME, DTT, AET

list the two phenotypes that lack all Kell antigens but express another related group (Kx).

K_O; K_null

sensitized K_O or K_null individuals make the antibody _____.

anti-K_u

which gene is found on the X chromosome and encodes a protein that carries the K_x antigen?

XK1

what antigen is genetically independent of Kell but possesses a phenotypic relationship to Kell?

Kx

the ____ protein is covalently linked to cysteine 72 to cysteine at 347 of the Kell glycoprotein.

XK

absence of ____in the McLeod phenotype weakens the Kell antigens.

Kx

RBCs with ____ Kell phenotypes carry trace amounts of Kx antigen.

normal

RBCs with ____ Kell phenotypes carry elevated levels of Kx antigen.

K_O

Kell antigens are well-developed at birth. true or false?

true

k (cellano) accounts for ____% of the population.

>90%

the ____ antigen is very immunogenic (2nd to the D antigen) in stimulating antibody production.

K

the Kell system is denatured by commonly used enzymes. true or false?

false

____ antigens are weakened/destroyed by reducing reagents (DDT and ZZAP).

Kell

Kp_a or Kp_b: high frequency?

Kpb

Kp_a or Kp_b: low frequency?

Kpa

Js_a or Js_b: high frequency?

Jsb

Js_a or Js_b: lowfrequency?

Jsa

which Kell system antigen is universally present on all RBCs except K_O individuals?

K_u

the Fy locus is located on chromosome ____.

1

the ____ allele will type as Fy^b and encodes for a weakened Fy^b antigen.

Fy^x

____ is the genetic precursor to both Fy^a and Fy^b.

Fy3

the ____ allele encodes no identifiable Duffy antigen.

Fy

Duffy antigens are destroyed by common proteolytic enzymes. true or false?

true

which duffy phenotype will allow RBCs to resist malaria invasion from P. vivax and P. knowlesi merozoites?

Fy^(a-b-)

list 3 rare examples of Duffy enzymes that are not destroyed by enzymes.

anti-Fy3, anti-Fy4, anti-Fy5

it may be difficult to detect Duffy antigens because they are very liable and the ____ production declines quickly.

in vivo

Kidd blood group antigens are underdeveloped at birth. true or false

false

____ blood group antigens are weakly immunogenic as they show up and quickly disappear.

Kidd

Jka and Jkb share some epitopes with some ____ associated with autoimmune possibilities.

bacteria

the Jk locus is found on chromosome ____.

18

the ____ allele encodes the Jka and Jk3 antigens and is codominant with Jkb.

Jka

what is the common antigen of the Kidd blood group system?

Jk3

the ____ allele encodes the Jkb and Jk3 antigens and is codominant with Jka.

Jkb

the ____ allele is silent that produces neither Jka or Jkb antigens.

Jk

the ____ Kidd allele is common in Polynesian, Filipino, Indonesian, Japanese, and Chinese populations.

Jk

the ____ genotypes results in a Jk (a-b-) phenotype.

JkJk

which Kidd phenotype can be derived by the action of a dominant suppressor gene, ln(Jk), which is inherited separately.

Jk(a-b-)

individuals with this phenotype do not make anti-Jk3.

Jk(a-b-)

genes that code for Ss antigens are located on chromosome ____.

4

unlike M and N, the S and s antigens are less easily degraded by enzymes. true or false?

true

the ____ antigen is found in all individuals except 1% of African Americans.

U

____ negative individuals lack glycoprotein B because of a partial or complete deletion of GYPB.

U

the ____ antigen is always present when S and s are inherited.

U

the U antigen is more easily degraded by enzymes. true or false?

false

U-negative blood is found in ____ of the African American population with 2 potential sources being siblings and rare blood donors.

<1%

what antibody is formed in S-s- phenotypes which are also U-?

anti-U

which antibody will react with S+ or s+ red cells?

anti-U

if the anti-U is a ____ , it can react with S-s- RBC phenotypes.

variant

suspect the antibody ____ when a patient is pregnant or previously transfused African American individual.

anti-U

suspect the antibody ____ when ALL panel cells tested are positive and the auto-control is negative.

anti-U

which rare MNS phenotype refers to a partial or complete deletion of GPA?

En^a

____ is an umbrella term for Ab that reacts to various portions of GPA unrelated to M and N.

anti-En^a

which rare MNS phenotype refers to a near complete deletion of GPA and GPB?

M^k

what refers to a subsystem of the MNS system producing a number of low incidence antigens (currently 11)?

Miltenberger (Mi) system

which rare MNS phenotype is described below:

• N will test as M-N+ leading to false conclusion that genotypes is NN

• primary importance in paternity testing

M^g