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22 Terms

1
What is criminology?

The scientific study of crime and the reasons why people commit criminal acts.

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2
What does criminology focus on?

-Forms of criminal behavior, causes of crime, definitions of criminality, and social reactions to criminal activity.

-It shows my interest in the casual explanations of crime.

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3
What are mala in se acts?
Acts that are inherently immoral or wrong, universally viewed as bad, such as murder and rape.
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4
What are mala prohibita acts?
Acts that are considered crimes because they are prohibited, not inherently bad, such as traffic violations.
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5

What is the scientific method?

  • A systematic approach to inquiry and investigation that involves forming a hypothesis, gathering dates, testing the hypothesis & drawing conclusions 

  • A systematic way of studying crime & justice in  criminology 

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6
What does the conflict model in criminology assert?

That criminal law reflects the conflicts of interest of groups, and that the group in power defines what is considered criminal.

-it emerged in the 1950s to challenge the consensus perspective

-Criminologists like Richard Qunney argue that criminology should focus less on explaining criminal behavior & more on understanding how certain behaviors & individuals are labeled as criminal 

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7
Who was Cesare Beccaria?

An Italian philosopher known for advocating fair punishment and shaping modern legal and criminal justice systems.

-he emphasized the idea that punishment should be fair & should serve as something to discourage actions rather than revenge, rejection of capitol punishment, focus on justice & laws should help promote greater good

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8
What does victimology study?
The study of victims, including the causes of victimization, its consequences, and how the justice system accommodates victims.
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9
What is the Routine Activities Theory?
Crime occurs when a motivated offender, a suitable target, and a lack of capable guardians converge in time and space.
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10
What is a key trend in crime rates since the 1960s?
Periods of rising crime rates followed by declines, with the US experiencing a crime wave since the mid-1960s.
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11
What impact does education have on crime?
Crime decreases as education increases, and strong school bonding lessens delinquency.
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12
What was the purpose of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)?
To collect data on crimes experienced by individuals, including those not reported to law enforcement.
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13
What are some victim risk factors related to gender?
Men and boys are often victims of man-on-man crime; women have a higher risk of sexual assault and are more likely to be victimized by intimate partners.
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14
What is PTSD?
A psychiatric anxiety disorder caused by experiencing traumatic events, with symptoms lasting over a month and causing significant distress.
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15
What is the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA)?
A legislation that provided federal funding for victim services and required states to support all citizens victimized within their borders.
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16
What are victim impact statements?
Statements given by victims in court describing the emotional, financial, and physical effects of the crime.
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17
What is deviance?
Behavior that is outside the limits of social toleration, seen as violating societal norms.
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18
What is the definition of crime from a legal perspective?
Any act/action that violates criminal law.
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19
What are the characteristics of qualitative techniques in research?
Involve less commitment to quantitative measurement, more engagement with field strategies, and rely on observational methods.
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20
What is the dark figure of crime?
Unreported or unknown crimes that are not captured by official statistics, often due to underreporting.
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21
What is the importance of family in relation to crime?
Family is the most important socialization agent, with studies showing a correlation between family behavior and youth delinquency.
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22
What is empirical proof?
Information gathered through observation or experiments that can support a claim in criminological research.
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