WileyPLUS. Chapter 20. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart.

Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm?

A. Epicardium

B. Abdominal cavity

C. Pericardium

D. Mediastinum

E. Thoracic cavity

D. Mediastinum

The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the

pericardium.

The apex of the heart is normally pointed

to the left of the midline.

Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart?

A. Synovial fluid

B. Endocardium

C. Pleural fluid

D. Pericardial fluid

E. Capillary endothelium

Pericardial fluid

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is also considered to be the

epicardium

Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue?

A. Epicardium

B. Pericardium

C. Myocardium

D. Endocardium

E. Hypocardium

Myocardium

Pectinate muscles extend from the atrial internal wall into the pouch-like structures that increase the total filling capacity of the atrium. These structure are the

auricles

Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

Bicuspid valve

A. Interventricular septum

B. Tricuspid valve

C. Mitral valve

D. Ascending aorta

Tricuspid valve

Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures?

A. Right atrium

B. Interventricular septum

C. Bicuspid valve

D. Aortic semilunar valve

E. Pulmonary semilunar valve

Aortic semilunar valve

Identify the structure found in a fetus that allows blood to flow directly from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.

Ductus arteriosus

Contraction of the ventricles of the heart leads to blood moving directly

into arteries.

Contraction of the atria of the heart leads to blood moving directly

through atrioventricular valves

Which valve below prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle?

A. Tricuspid valve

B. Bicuspid valve

C. Pulmonary semilunar valve

D. Aortic semilunar valve

E. Mitral valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Which of the following chambers of the heart contains deoxygenated blood?

A. Left atrium and left ventricle

B. Left atrium only

C. Right atrium and right ventricle

D. Right ventricle only

E. Left atrium and right ventricle

Right atrium and right ventricle

Which of the following blood vessels is used to distribute oxygenated blood to the myocardium?

A. Coronary artery

B. Coronary vein

C. Coronary sinus

D. Vena cava

E. Myocardial vein

Coronary artery

Which of the following types of muscle contains the largest number of mitochondria per cell?

A. Smooth muscle

B. Skeletal muscle

C. Cardiac muscle

D. All the muscle types contain approximately the same number.

E. Mitochondria are not found in muscle cells.

Cardiac muscle

The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listed below?

A. Valvular stenosis

B. Semilunar valves opening

C. Atrioventricular valves closing

D. Semilunar valves closing

E. Atrioventricular valves opening

Semilunar valves closing

Which structure in the heart initiates action potentials that stimulate contraction of the heart at a constant rate of about 100 beats per minute?

A. Cardiac accelerator nerves

B. Atrioventricular node

C. Cardiovascular center

D. Sinoatrial node

E. Bundle of His

Sinoatrial node

Stimulation of which nerve reduces heart rate?

A. Cardiac accelerator nerve

B. Hypoglossal nerve

C. Spinal accessory

D. Vagus nerve

E. Phrenic nerve

Vagus nerve

An increase in the carbon dioxide levels in the blood leads to a change in the chemical composition of the blood. This input would be received by which part of the brain that regulates heart rate?

A. Midbrain

B. Cerebrum

C. Medulla oblongata

D. Cerebellum

E. Thalamus

Medulla oblongata

Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) waves represents atrial depolarization?

A. R wave

B. T wave

C. S wave

D. P wave

E. Q wave

P wave

Which wave in an electrocardiogram represents repolarization of the ventricles?

A. R wave

B. T wave

C. S wave

D. P wave

E. Q wave

T wave

The formula for calculating cardiac output (CO) is

heart rate multiplied by stroke volume

What is the function of the foramen ovale during fetal life?

Allowing blood to flow directly from the right atrium into the left atrium.

Which of the following chambers of the heart is surrounded by the thickest layer of myocardium?

left ventricle

The thickest wall in the heart due to its increased work load is the:

left ventricle

The term used to describe a backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium is:

mitral valve prolapse

The amount of blood ejected from either ventricle every minute is called:

cardiac output

Which represents the correct flow of excitation through the cardiac conduction system?

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Which of the following is the correct pathway for passage of a drop of blood through the heart?

Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve.