[PCOL-MID-01-PT2] AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

THIS FLASH CARDS IS ABOUT PHARMACOLOGY: AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.

• Enteric

• Parasympathetic

• Sympathetic

What are the Three (3) Major Subdivision in Autonomic Nervous System?

Thoracolumbar

What is the origin/roots of neurons of Sympathetic (Adrenergic)?

Craniosacral

What is the origin/roots of neurons of Parasympathetic (Cholinergic)?

Thoracic and Lumbar

What does thoracolumbar means?

• T1-T12

• L1-L5

Where are sympathetic neurons located?

Cranial and Sacral Nerves

What does craniosacral means?

• C3

• C7

• C9

• C10

• S2-S4

Where are parasympathetic neurons located?

Sacral Nerves

This is the terminal part of the spinal cord which is near the anus.

1. Short

2. Long

What is the length of sympathetic neurons?

1. Pre-ganglion:

2. Post-ganglion:

1. Long

2. Short

What is the length of parasympathetic neurons?

1. Pre-ganglion:

2. Post-ganglion:

Near the spinal cord

Where is the location of the ganglion of sympathetic neurons?

Near the target organ

Where is the location of the ganglion of parasympathetic neurons?

Neurotransmitter

The chemical substance that transmit signals/impulses.

Acetylcholine (ACh)

What is the neurotransmitter of the pre-ganglion’s sympathetic neurons?

Natural catecholamins

What is the neurotransmitter of the post-ganglion’s sympathetic neurons?

Examples: Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Dopamine

1. Pre-ganglion

2. Ganglion

3. Post-ganglion

Identify the following:

1. 1st sending neuron:

2. Receiving neuron:

3. 2nd sending neuron:

Norepinephrine

This is the main neurotransmitter of post-ganglion’s sympathetic neurons.

Norepinephrine and Epinephrine

What are the Two (2) Adrenergic Neurotransmitter?

Adrenergic Effect

What effect does the effector organ receives from the post-ganglion’s sympathetic neurons?

Acetylcholine (Ach)

What is the neurotransmitter of both pre/post-ganglion’s parasympathetic neurons?

Cholinergic Effect

What effect does the effector organ receives from the post-ganglion’s parasympathetic neurons?

Post-synapse

The majority of the receptors are found in the?

Nicotinic (N_N)

What is the receptor found in ganglion on both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons?

• Alpha

• Beta

• Dopamine

What receptors are found in the target organs of sympathetic neurons?

• Muscarinic

• Nicotinic

What receptors are found in the target organs of parasympathetic neurons?

Adrenal Medulla

This regulates the release of epinephrine; a gland found superior the kidney.

Stores major catecholamines esp the epinephrine

What is the main function of adrenal medulla?

Fight or flight

Sympathetic response is said to be a?

Sympathetic Response

This response dominates when you’re stressed.

Rest and digest

Parasympathetic response is said to be a?

Parasympathetic Response

This response dominates when you’re at peace or at basal condition.

False

(Even though they have a different effects, they do not cancel with each other’s effect).

True or False:

Sympathetic and parasympathetic are opposite so they cancel each other’s effect.

Dilation (Mydriasis)

In sympathetic activity, what is the action of the eye (pupil)?

Constriction (Myosis)

In parasympathetic activity, what is the action of the eye (pupil)?

Increase high rate (Tachycardia)

In sympathetic activity, what is the action of the heart?

Decrease heart rate (Bradycardia)

In parasympathetic activity, what is the action of the heart?

Tone/Pressure

The bronchiolar smooth muscle has a relationship with this.

Contraction

In parasympathetic activity, what is the action of the bronchiolar smooth muscle when the tone/pressure is high, there is?

• (It has M₃ as its receptor)

Relaxation

In sympathetic activity, what is the action of the bronchiolar smooth muscle when the tone/pressure is low, there is?

• (It has B₂ as its receptor)

Ileus

In sympathetic activity, if there is relaxation in the walls of the smooth muscle (GIT), it will have?

Ileus

This is the loss of the peristalsis or the retention of content in the gastrointestinal tract; resulting to constipation.

Sphincters

In sympathetic activity, when the walls of the smooth muscle (GIT) is relaxed, these contracts.

Diarrhea

In parasympathetic activity, when the walls of the smooth muscle (GIT) is contracted, it results to this because there is now a bowel movement opening the sphincters.

Urinary Retention

In sympathetic activity, when the urinary bladder is relaxed there is a?

Urination

In parasympathetic activity, when the urinary bladder is contracted there is a?

Tocolysis

What is the medical term for the relaxation of the uterus?

None

Is there an action of uterus (pregnant) in parasympathetic activity?

1. Ejaculation

2. Erection

What are the actions of the penis (seminal vesicles) in:

1. Sympathetic Activity:

2. Parasympathetic Activity:

Dry mouth

In the sympathetic activity, the salivary glands inhibits secretion leading to?

Salivation

In the parasympathetic activity, what is the action of salivary glands?

Dry eyes

In the sympathetic activity, the lacrimal glands inhibits secretion leading to?

Tearing

In the parasympathetic activity, what is the action of lacrimal glands?

Sweating

In the sympathetic/parasympathetic activity, what is the action of sweat glands?

Apocrine

What do you call the sweats in sympathetic activity?

• Found in the palms and soles

Eccrine

What do you call the sweats in parasympathetic activity?

• Generalization of sweating (whole body)

Body temperature

Eccrine sweating (parasympathetic activity) is important in the maintenance of?

Thermo regulation

The maintenance of body temperature of eccrine is called the?