5.1 - 5.2 Vocab Terms

Addition Rule for Mutually Exclusive(disjoint) Events

P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

Complement

The event that A does not occur.

Complement Rule

P(A^c) = 1 - P(A) where A^c is the complement of event A

Empirical Probability

The estimated probability of a specific outcome of a random process(like getting a heads when tossing a fair coin) obtained by actually performing many trials of the random process.

Event

Any collection of outcomes from some chance process.

General Addition Rule

If A and B are any two events resulting from some chance process, then P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B).

Intersection

Of events A and B is the set of all outcomes in both events A and B.

Law of Large Numbers

If we observe more and more and more of any chance process, the proportions of times that a specific outcome occurs approaches its probability.

Mutually Exclusive(disjoint)

Events are this if they have no outcomes in common and so can never occur together - that is, if P(A and B) = 0.

Probability

Of any outcome of a chance process is a number between 0 and 1 that describes the proportion of times that a specific outcome would occur in a very long series of repetitions.

Probability Model

A description of some chance process that consists of two parts: a list of all possible outcomes called the sample space, and the probability for each outcome.

Random Process

Generates outcomes that are determined purely by chance.

Sample Space

A list of all possible outcomes in a probability model.

Simulation

The imitation of chance behavior, based on a model that accurately reflects the situation.

Union

Of events A and B is the set of all outcomes in either event A and B.

Venn Diagram

Consists of one or more circles surrounded by a rectangle. Each circle represents an event. The region inside the rectangle represents the sample space of the chance process.