Self- Concept

Self- concept def

A set belief one has about themselves

Gallup

Interested in when people ( or animals) develops a self-concept.

Self-Schemas

A cognitive framework that encompasses beliefs and information about the self.

Self- schemas and Memory

The Self- schemas seem to effect memory there fore if you don’t fit within a schema your memory can be influences.

Sense of self and self-esteem

there is a positive correlation between the two therefore the higher the correlation the more you know and embrace who you truly are

Vazire & Mehl:

They thought about how well people realize aspects about themselves and whether peer can be more accurate about someone’s traits

introspection

• The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes.

• The ability to introspect is valuable in research.

Nisbett & Wilson

did an experiment in which they had people rate a movie. The manipulated groups was presented with a chainsaw noise. the experimenters wanted to see if there was a difference between the scores. However there is no difference.

They took the results as a hint people lack introspection.

Self- Awareness Theory def

there are certain situations where people have enhanced self-awareness

ex) Public speaker

Self- Perception Theory

A theory proposes by Bem and states that we should look at behavior to learn more about ones self.

The Over justification effect

Being offered an external reward for doing something we enjoy diminishes our intrinsic motivation to perform that action

ex) Athletes

Looking Glass Self def

Proposed by Robert Zience is the idea that our view of ourselves is through the view o others.

Experiment: asking Catholics to read porn however priming them with a picture of the pope to see if the rating differ. Those primed with the pope felt uncomfortable.

Social comparison theory def and types

People value their own personal and social worth by assessing how they compare to others ( typically on the same level)

• Upwards Social Comparison (BIRGing): It suggests that individuals bolster their self-esteem and self-worth by identifying with another group or individual's success.

• Downwards Social Comparison (CORFing) : You distance yourself from the failure.

Social Identity

Understanding who you are based on the people around you. Usually tested with: I am ___

Self-Esteem

Can be seen either as a trait ( in a constant sate) or a state of being ( depending on the situation)

Self-Discrepancy theory

The fight between who you are versus who you wan to be. this theory tells you that the closer your current self is to your ideal self then the higher you self-esteem

Self Affirmation Theory

theory that explains how people cope with threats to their self-esteem by affirming other aspects of their self-concept

Sociometer theory- Leary and Baumeister

Self- Esteem is about how well you are doin in your relationships therefore it is a meter( measure) about how you do socially.

The myth of Self- Esteem -Baumeister

Self- esteem in a myth as he believes if you don’t have good self-esteem there must be a problem. However if your self-esteem is too high then it can lead to narcissism.

Terror Management theory

the idea that there is self- esteem which we need to keep going on with life even with the emending reality of death.

Self-Efficacy ( Bandura)

Peoples level of motivation, affective stats and action are based more on what they believe rather than what is objectively the case.

• Low Efficacy: people feel as though they can’t accomplish anything and therefore undertake tasks that are too easy or too difficult.

• High Efficacy: have confidence in themselves and take tasks with the appropriate challenge level.

Locus of Control ( roster)

Internal Locus: in which you control; your destiny

External Locus: in which other factors control your destiny.

Delay of gratification ( Mishel)

Delaying gratification is the act of resisting an impulse to take an immediately available reward in the hope of obtaining a more-valued reward in the future.