Module 1 -Subtopic 2: Forms and Types of Communication

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18 Terms

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NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

  • Kinesics

  • Proxemics

  • Paralanguage

  • Chronemics

  • Haptics

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KINESICS

Conscious or unconscious body movement that possess intended or unintended communicative value. (Poyatos, 2002)

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PROXEMICS

How interpersonal space is perceived and managed.

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PARALANGUAGE

Voices qualities and vocalizations that occur in language. (Filimowicz & Tzankova, 2020)

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CHRONEMICS

How people perceive, structure, and react to time; use of time to communicate.

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HAPTICS

The analysis is touch in communication.

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VERBAL COMMUNICATION

  • Written Communication

  • Spoken Communication

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WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

  • A more formal means of communication;

  • Has messages that are carefully drafted and formulated in text form.

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SPOKEN COMMUNICATION

  • Use of vocally produced words; a soft skill that is used to accomplish everyday task. (Butterfield, 2010)

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Types of Communication on the basis of the Flow of Information in an Organization

  1. Horizontal

  2. Vertical

    • Upward

    • Downward

  3. Diagonal

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HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION

Exists among teams or members belonging to the same level or rank.

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VERTICAL COMMUNICATION

Move communication up and down through a hierarchical organization. (Denton, 1991)

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UPWARD COMMUNICATION

Communication flows from subordinate to superior.

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DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION

Communication flows from superior to subordinate.

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DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION

Interchange of messages among two managers located at different levels of hierarchy and outside direct chain of command. (Agarwal, 1982)

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Types of Communication on the Basis of Organizational Relationship

  • Communication

    • Formal

    • Informal

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FORMAL COMMUNICATION

Communication which follow the rules and policies like chain-of-command established by the management; it is used for the transmission of official messages within and outside an organization. (Tulsian & Pandey, 2008)

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INFORMAL COMMUNICATION

Communication that follows the rule of behavior that are unconsciously learned through interactions within others. (Hamilton, 2008)