Fluids and Electrolytes Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering body fluid compartments, homeostasis, fluid shifts, and electrolyte normal ranges and imbalances based on the lecture notes.

Electrolytes

Ions that have a natural positive or negative electrical charge when dissolved in water.

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Fluid held inside cells, accounting for two-thirds of body water.

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Fluid located outside cells that surrounds cells and vessels.

Third Spacing Fluid Shift

Fluid accumulation in non-functional spaces, causing decreased circulating volume despite overall fluid excess.

Interstitial Fluid (ISF)

Fluid that surrounds the cells in the tissues.

Intravascular (IV) Fluid

Plasma or fluid located within the blood vessels.

Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

A hormone that promotes water reabsorption in the body.

Aldosterone

A hormone that increases sodium and water retention in the body.

Hypovolemia

Fluid volume deficit caused by conditions such as hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, burns, or excessive diuretic use.

Hypervolemia

Fluid excess often resulting from heart failure, kidney failure, or excessive intravenous fluid administration.

Cations

Positively charged electrolytes, which include Na, K, Ca, and Mg.

Anions

Negatively charged electrolytes, which include Cl and HCO3.

Normal Serum Sodium Range

$135\,mEq/L$ to $145\,mEq/L$.

Hypernatremia

A serum sodium concentration exceeding $145\,mmol/L$.

Hyponatremia

A serum sodium concentration less than $135\,mmol/L$.

Normal Serum Potassium Range

Between $3.5\,mEq/L$ and $5.0\,mEq/L$.

Hyperkalemia

A blood potassium level exceeding $5.0\,mEq/L$ to $5.5\,mEq/L$.

Hypokalemia

A blood potassium level less than $3.5\,mEq/L$.

Normal Serum Calcium Range

Between $9.0\,mg/dL$ and $10.5\,mg/dL$.

Hypercalcemia

A blood calcium level exceeding $10.5\,mg/dL$.

Hypocalcemia

A blood calcium level less than $9.0\,mg/dL$.

Normal Serum Magnesium Range

$1.3\,mEq/L$ to $2.1\,mEq/L$.

Hypermagnesemia

A blood magnesium level exceeding $2.1\,mEq/L$.

Hypomagnesemia

A blood magnesium level less than $1.3\,mEq/L$.