Chapter 1: Structures

what does connective tissue consists of

bone, cartilage and soft tissue

what are some examples of soft tissue

skin, fascia, tendons and ligaments

tendons

connect muscle to bone

ligaments

connect bone to bone

how many bones are in the human body

206

what are the functions of bone

support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation

what are the four groups of bone

long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid

what are sesamoid bones

bones that are free floating ; embedded or attach within a tendon

what is an example of a seasmoid bone

patella

long bones

are given their name because of their characteristics

what are the characteristics of long bones

diaphysis, epiphyses, epiphyseal plate, periosteum , articular cartilage

diaphysis

the shaft of a long bone ep

epiphysis

on either side of a long bone

epiphyseal plate

growth plate; how long bones get longer

periosteum

covering of a long bone, where bone cells are grown

articular cartilage

found where two bones are connecting

characteristics of short bones

no diaphysis, symmetrical

what are some examples of short bones

carpals (wrist and hand)

flat bones

serve as site of attachment for muscles; protection what ar

what are some examples of flat bones

ribs, sternum, brain, scapula, ilium

irregular bones

fit no other classification

what are some examples of irregular bones

vertebra, ischemia

tuberosity

a large bump on a bone

tubercle

a small bump on a bone

process

projection from a bone

spinous process

larger, thinner projection

condyles

large bony knobs

epicondyles

smaller bony knobs, above condyles

fossa

smooth, hollow surface

facet

“a smaller fossa”, more flat

notch

area that appears to be cut out

foramen

a hole or opening that allows structures to pass through them

wolff’s law

bone adapts to stresses placed upon it j

hypertrophy

increase of size in a bone wh

what are causes due to wolff’s law

hypertrophy, increase bone density, changed shape of bone

joints

also knowns as an articulation

articulation

where two or more bones join

what are the actions of joints

rolling, spinning, glidding

how are joints held together

ligaments

what are the two major types of joints

diarthrodial (synovial) and synarthrodial

which type of joint is moveable

diarthrodial (synovial)

which type of joint has little to no movement

synarthrodial

diarthrodial (synovial) joints

contain a joint cavity, synovial fluid, capsule

how are synovial (diarthrodial) joints divided

in subdivision based on shape