Geology: Sedimentary and Igneous Rock Formation & Classification

The banks along a river delta would most likely form which rock type?

Shale

An evaporating lagoon in the tropics would most likely form which rock type?

Rock salt

A beach environment would most likely form which rock type?

Sandstone

A warm swamp environment would most likely form which rock type?

Coal

A marine coral reef environment would most likely form which rock type?

Limestone

A hot springs environment would most likely form which rock type?

Travertine

Clastic sedimentary rocks form when chemicals dissolved in water crystallize (precipitate)?

No

Chemical sedimentary rocks form when chemicals dissolved in water crystallize (precipitate)?

Yes

Biochemical sedimentary rocks form when chemicals dissolved in water crystallize (precipitate)?

Yes

Clastic sedimentary rocks form when there is a change in water chemistry

temperature, and/or concentration?, No

Chemical sedimentary rocks form when there is a change in water chemistry

temperature, and/or concentration?, Yes

Biochemical sedimentary rocks form when there is a change in water chemistry

temperature, and/or concentration?, No

Clastic sedimentary rocks form from pieces of other rocks that have been weathered

eroded, and deposited?, Yes

Chemical sedimentary rocks form from pieces of other rocks that have been weathered

eroded, and deposited?, No

Biochemical sedimentary rocks form from pieces of other rocks that have been weathered

eroded, and deposited?, No

Clastic sedimentary rocks form from skeletal or shell material of dead organisms?

No

Chemical sedimentary rocks form from skeletal or shell material of dead organisms?

No

Biochemical sedimentary rocks form from skeletal or shell material of dead organisms?

Yes

Clastic sedimentary rocks become rocks due to burial and lithification?

Yes

Chemical sedimentary rocks become rocks due to burial and lithification?

Yes

Biochemical sedimentary rocks become rocks due to burial and lithification?

Yes

Rock salt is an example of what type of sedimentary rock?

Chemical

Shale is an example of what type of sedimentary rock?

Clastic

Chalk is an example of what type of sedimentary rock?

Biochemical

Limestone is an example of what type of sedimentary rock?

Chemical and Biochemical

Volcanic igneous rocks form from magma from the asthenosphere?

Yes

Plutonic igneous rocks form from magma from the asthenosphere?

Yes

Volcanic igneous rocks may solidify when in direct contact with the atmosphere?

Yes

Plutonic igneous rocks may solidify when in direct contact with the atmosphere?

No

Do volcanic and plutonic igneous rocks both have texture?

Yes

Volcanic igneous rocks are made of large grains?

No

Plutonic igneous rocks are made of large grains?

Yes

Basalt is an example of which type of igneous rock?

Volcanic igneous rock

May volcanic igneous rocks solidify in the presence of water?

Yes

May plutonic igneous rocks solidify in the presence of water?

Yes

Volcanic igneous rocks may form from melted continental crust?

Yes

Plutonic igneous rocks may form from melted continental crust?

Yes

Volcanic igneous rocks cool and solidify very slowly?

No

Plutonic igneous rocks cool and solidify very slowly?

Yes

Do both volcanic and plutonic igneous rocks contain minerals?

Yes

Rhyolite is an example of which type of igneous rock?

Volcanic igneous rock

Are igneous rocks classified based on color and chemical composition?

Yes

Do light-colored minerals in igneous rocks have high silica concentration (felsic)?

Yes

Do volcanic igneous rocks contain very small grains?

Yes

Do plutonic igneous rocks contain very small grains?

No

Fine-grained igneous rocks can be composed of what mineral types?

Either silica-rich or silica-poor minerals

Mafic rocks have high silica content.

False

Identify the volcanic and plutonic equivalents for each rock type: felsic volcanic rock?

Rhyolite

Identify the volcanic and plutonic equivalents for each rock type: felsic plutonic rock?

Granite

Identify the volcanic and plutonic equivalents for each rock type: intermediate volcanic rock?

Andesite

Identify the volcanic and plutonic equivalents for each rock type: intermediate plutonic rock?

Diorite

Identify the volcanic and plutonic equivalents for each rock type: mafic volcanic rock?

Basalt

Identify the volcanic and plutonic equivalents for each rock type: mafic plutonic rock?

Gabbro

Identify a plutonic igneous rock with high silica content.

Granite

Which properties define a mineral?

Naturally occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline structure, consistent chemical composition

Is wood a mineral?

Not a mineral

Is quartz a mineral?

Mineral

Is sandstone a mineral?

Not a mineral

Is diamond a mineral?

Mineral

Is glass a mineral?

Not a mineral

Is plastic a mineral?

Not a mineral

Is ice a mineral?

Mineral

Is gold a mineral?

Mineral

Is salt a mineral?

Mineral

What best describes the relationship between rocks and minerals?

Rocks are made up of one or more different types of minerals

Which list contains five of the eight most common elements in Earth's crust?

Oxygen, Calcium, Iron, Aluminum, Silicon

Calcite (CaCO₃) is an example of what?

A mineral

Potassium is an example of what?

An element

Which three elements are more abundant in Earth's interior than in its crust?

Magnesium, Iron, Sulfur

Molten rock typically contains elements that form silicate minerals when it cools and solidifies.

True