Introduction to Computers - Lecture 3

A set of flashcards designed to review key concepts from Lecture 3 of ITC 101: Introduction to Computers, covering computer architecture, ISA, RISC, and CISC.

What is Computer Architecture?

The overall design and organization of a computer's hardware components, including how the CPU, memory, storage, and I/O devices are structured and interconnected.

What is Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)?

Defines the set of commands (instructions) that a CPU can understand and execute, influencing processor complexity and performance.

What is a System Bus?

The main communication path between the CPU and memory.

What are the common types of computer architectures based on memory structure?

Von Neumann Architecture and Harvard Architecture.

What is the main feature of Harvard Architecture?

It stores program instructions and data in separate memory units that are accessed through independent buses.

What are the advantages of Harvard Architecture?

Less traffic leading to higher efficiency and higher security.

What is Von Neumann Architecture?

A computer design where instructions and data are stored in the same memory space.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Von Neumann Architecture?

Advantages: Simplicity and cost-effectiveness; Disadvantages: Performance limitation due to the bottleneck.

What does RISC stand for?

Reduced Instruction Set Computer.

What is the main concept behind RISC?

To simplify hardware using a small, optimized set of instructions.

What are the advantages of RISC?

Simpler instructions, faster execution, and low power consumption.

What are the disadvantages of RISC?

More instructions required, increased memory usage, and higher cost of development.

What does CISC stand for?

Complex Instruction Set Computer.

What is a key feature of CISC?

It has fewer, but more powerful instructions capable of performing multiple low-level tasks.

What are the advantages of CISC?

Reduced code size, more efficient memory usage, and wider market availability.

What are the disadvantages of CISC?

Slower execution, complexity of design, and high power consumption.

What type of architecture is typically used in desktops/laptops?

x86/x86-64 (CISC) architecture.

What type of architecture is commonly used in mobile phones?

ARM (RISC) architecture.

What features characterize desktop/laptop operating systems?

Full-featured, multitasking, and peripheral support.

What features characterize mobile operating systems?

Touch-based, secure app model, and energy-efficient.