Positive Punishment Strategies

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positive punishment simple def

presentation of a stimulus immediately following a behavior that results in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior

positive punishment should primarily used when

as a last resort

examples of positive punishment

overcorrection procedure, contingency exercise, guided compliance, restraint, application of aversive stimuli

which type of punisher is positive punishment

type 1

overcorrection def

learned required to engage in effortful behavior that is directly or logically related to the problem ty

types of overcorrection

restitutional, positive practice

restitutional overcorrection def

the learner must return the environment to its original state and even make it better than it was before the misbehavior, contingent on the target behavior,

positive practice overcorrection def

learner must complete the correct form of the behavior a specific number of times, contingent on the target behavior,

contingent exercise def

person must engage in some form of physical exercise, contingent on a target behavior,guided

guided compliance (situation)

when the person is engaging in a problem behavior in compliance situation, the person is instructed or asked to engage in an activity guide

guided compliance def

guided through the requested activity, contingent on problem behavior, physical guidance withdrawn when participation occurs 2 fu

2 functions guided compliance serves

positive punishment delivered on problem behavior, negative reinforcement with compliance p

physical restraint def

the change agent holds immobile the part of the client’s body that is involved in the behavior, contingent on problem behavior what

what to remember about physical restraints

use only if restraint is perceived as an aversive and problem behavior is decreased in the future re

response blocking def

change agent blocks the problem behavior so that the client can’t complete the response

examples pf application of aversive stimuli

lemon juice to the mouth, electric shock, noise WHE

When to use extreme forms of applying aversive stimuli

high effective for treating severe behavioral concerns that could lead to severe bodily harm wh

recovery from punishment

when punishment is discontinued, its suppressive effects on responding are usually not permanent when

when is permanent response suppression possible

when complete suppression of behavior to a zero rate of responding has been achieved with intense punishment

possible affect on behavior during recovery from punishment

could briefly exceed the level of occurrence before punishment

what to consider when using positive punishment

use functional interventions first, implement differential reinforcement procedures with punishment, consider the function of the problem behavior, choose the aversive stimulus with care, collect data to make treatment decisions, consider ethics FIRST

FIRST ETHICAL CONCERN FOR POSITIVE PUNISHMENT

do no harm, ppl’s right to safe and humane treatmentc

general outline of ethical concerns for using positive punishment

less restrictive alternative, right to effective treatment, know the policies and safeguards, informed consent, training and supervision, peer review, accountability