TGA

How does Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (ccTGA) differ from TGA?

In ccTGA, there is an atrioventricular discordance along with ventriculo-arterial discordance, unlike in TGA where there is only ventriculo-arterial discordance with atrioventricular concordance.

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How does transposition of the great arteries (TGA) differ from a normal heart anatomy?

In TGA, the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery from the left ventricle, resulting in ventriculoarterial discordance. This is opposite to the normal heart anatomy.

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What are the ultrasound features associated with TGA?

Ultrasound features of TGA include the aorta arising from the anterior right ventricle, a parallel course of the aorta and pulmonary artery, and a single large vessel in the three-vessel trachea view with a reverse boomerang sign.

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What is the differential diagnosis between TGA and Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV)?

In DORV, both great arteries predominantly arise from the right ventricle, while in TGA, the aorta arises from the morphological right ventricle.

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How common are ventricular septal defects (VSDs) in cases of TGA?

VSDs are common in TGA, occurring in up to 40% of cases, with a perimembranous location that can be found anywhere along the septum.

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What is the significance of the reverse boomerang sign in TGA visualization?

The reverse boomerang sign indicates the right convex shape of the aorta in cases of d-TGA, seen in the three-vessel trachea view on ultrasound.

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How does the three-vessel tracheal view appear in cases of side-by-side type TGA?

In the side-by-side type of d-TGA, the three-vessel tracheal view shows a V configuration, with the pulmonary artery posterior and the aorta anterior, with a shorter antero-posterior length of the pulmonary artery.

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What additional cardiac defects are commonly associated with TGA?

Pulmonary stenosis commonly coexists with VSD in d-TGA, occurring in up to 20% of cases, with the stenosis being more severe and complex compared to TGA with an intact ventricular septum.

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How do the spatial relations of the great arteries differ in d-TGA compared to TGA with side-by-side orientation?

In d-TGA, the aorta is positioned anterior and to the right of the pulmonary artery, while in side-by-side TGA, the great arteries can be seen in a near-normal V configuration, with the pulmonary artery posterior and aorta anterior.

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How does Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (ccTGA) differ from TGA?

In ccTGA, there is an atrioventricular discordance along with ventriculo-arterial discordance, unlike in TGA where there is only ventriculo-arterial discordance with atrioventricular concordance.

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